Transcript The Art of the Renaissance

Renaissance
Art
©2008, TESCCC
World History, Unit 5, Lesson 2
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Characteristics of the
Renaissance
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Humanism
Individualism
Questioning Attitude / Critical thinking
Interest in Secular (worldly, nonreligious)
matters
• Rise of the middle class
• Great achievements in the arts
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World History, Unit 5, Lesson 2
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Medieval Art
Artists depicted subjects
in an unrealistic twodimensional style to
indicate the importance
of the soul over the body
(religious theme).
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World History, Unit 5, Lesson 2
Some of the great
artwork was in the
stained glass windows,
but again, it was twodimensional
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Characteristics of Renaissance
Art
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Three Dimensional (3-D)
Realistic & Lifelike
Linear Perspective: Vanishing point
Influenced by Greco-Roman culture; its forms
and its themes (i.e. beauty of the human body)
• New mediums: Oil on canvas
• And old: Frescos
• The importance of religion in art
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Leonardo Da Vinci
Italian artist, scientist, engineer, etc.
a true “Renaissance Man”
• The Last Supper
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Leonardo Da Vinci
• Mona Lisa
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Michelangelo
discovered by Lorenzo de’ Medici
Italian painter, sculptor, architect, poet, etc.
• The Pieta
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Michelangelo
• The Last Judgment
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Michelangelo
• David
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Donatello
Italian sculptor
• David
Portrays David holding
Goliath’s sword and standing
over Goliath’s head
First major Renaissance
sculpture – first free-standing
nude sculpture since classical
times
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Raphael
Italian Painter
• Best known for his
portrayals of the
Madonna – the
mother of Jesus
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Raphael
• School of Athens
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St. Peter’s Cathedral in the Vatican
• Michelangelo
(with others)
•World’s largest church
•The pope lives here.
•A candle is always lit in his window.
•Contains Sistine Chapel
•Contains Vatican museum
•Holds Pieta
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Sistine Chapel Ceiling
Michelangelo
My stomach is thrust toward my chin
My beard curls up toward the sky
My head leans right over onto my back…
The brush endlessly dripping onto my face.
Michelangelo, Poems
Creation of Adam
Over four years,
Michelangelo painted
12,000 square feet of
ceiling with Biblical stories.
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World History, Unit 5, Lesson 2
Fall of Man
Dome of the Cathedral of Florence
• Brunelleschi
• Part of the cathedral was
built in the Middle Ages in
the Gothic Style
• The dome was added by
Brunelleschi in the 1400s.
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The Renaissance Moves North
• Because of the plague, it was not until 1450
that northern Europe enjoyed the economic
growth that helped support the Renaissance in
Italy.
• Northern artists and writers imitated Italian
styles while adding new methods and ideas of
their own.
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Albrecht Durer
Flemish artist now called the “German Leonardo”
because of his wide-ranging interests
Adoration of the Magi
Engraving –
The artist etches a design
on a metal plate with acid,
then uses the plate to make
prints.
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Jan van Eyck
Flemish artist who helped develop oil paint
• Giovanni Arnolfini
and Bride
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Renaissance Writers
• Began to use the vernacular
instead of classical Latin.
–(vernacular = the native language)
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William Shakespeare
England
*The best known Renaissance
writer was William
Shakespeare.
*Between 1590 and 1613 he
wrote 37 plays that are
still performed around the
world.
*Examples:
Hamlet
Taming of the Shrew
A Midsummer Night’s
Dream
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Dante
• The Divine Comedy
• Story written in the
vernacular (Italian)
which tells the story of
a man’s journey
through heaven and
hell.
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Baldassare Castiglione
Italy
• The Book of the
Courtier
• Book that describes
how noblemen and
women should
behave and what they
should strive to be.
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Machiavelli
Italy
*Machiavelli was a political
philosopher.
*The Prince advised kings how
to rule – do what is
necessary to stay in
power and keep stability
*In Machiavelli’s way of
thinking, the end justifies
the means.
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Humanism
• Humanism is focused on human achievements
and potential rather than religious themes.
• Focused on the man and his world
(The importance of man)
• Concentrated on everyday human problems and
relationships
• Humanists focus on reality and the world around
them. (How man relates, pleasure, passion)
rather than morality.)
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Humanism
• The secular nature of humanism, as well
as its questioning attitude, often brought it
into conflict with the traditional teachings
of the Catholic Church and Medieval
thinking.
• It revolves around the study of the Liberal
Arts: Grammar and Rhetoric, Poetry,
History, and Ethics.
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Petrarch
• Considered the Father of Humanism.
• Believed the God had given man his
intellect and potential to be used to the
fullest.
• Assembled a library of Greek and Roman
manuscripts.
• Wrote poetry in Italian and enumerable
works in Latin on different subjects.
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Erasmus
Dutch humanist and Catholic theologian
• In Praise of Folly
– Book in which Erasmus
criticizes the areas of
society that were in most
need of reform, such as
monasteries and church
corruption.
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Thomas More
• Utopia, a work of
fiction, tells the story
of a land that is
almost perfect in
every way and serves
as an example of
what the world should
be. More is known as
the “Man for all
Seasons” because of
his versatility.
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The Printing Revolution
• In 1456, Johann Gutenberg printed the Bible
using movable metal type on a machine called
a printing press.
• Printed books became less expensive and
easier to produce than hand copies.
• Readers gained access to broad range of
knowledge. (Medicine to Religion)
• Literacy increased as books became more
widely available.
• The printing press would greatly contribute to
the Protestant Reformation.
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The Effects of the Renaissance
• The Renaissance belief in the
dignity of the individual played a
key role in the gradual rise of
democratic ideals.
• Led to the Scientific Revolution
• Led to the Age of Exploration
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