Transcript Bird Adaptations stud notes 07

Bird Adaptations
Zoology
Bird Adaptations
1. Types of feathers
2. Forelimb Modified into Wing
3. Modifications for Flight
4. Specialized Feet
5. Specialized Bills
Review
 What is one thing birds have that no
other animal has?
 ______________
 What are modified bird forelimbs called?
 ______________
 Name 3 uses for bird hindlimbs.
 ______________________________________
 What do birds have in place of jaws and
teeth and why?__________________
___________________________
What fossil was the link between reptiles
and birds?
A______________
l_______________
Feathers
 Modified__________
 Used for________,
___________display &
__________________
 3 main types:
 _____________feathers
 _____________feathers
 _______________
Contour Feathers
 Cover__________________
 2 main types
 General_____________________
 Overall body__________
 Color for ___________or breeding _________
 ___________feathers
 _________-and ___________- long & strong
feathers
 Needed to produce _________and for ________
&_________________________
Flight Feathers
 ___________ feathers or Rectrices
 Primaries
 Secondaries
 Tertiaries
 ___________
feathers
or Remiges
Retrices (plural) Retrix (singular)
Remiges (plural)
Contour Feather Parts
 Calamus or_____________
 _______________
 ______________or blade
Contour Feather Structure
 Vanes made up of _____________ parts – why is
this needed?
 ______________
 _______________
 _______________
 Barbicels are __________that
hold the ______________ together
 Must be __________________to
maintain _______________
 _________- or ___________ or
______ gland
__________ Feathers
 Lack stiff _________and
___________
 Short, fluffy and soft_______
 Found _________and between
_________feathers and on _________birds
 Function in __________ by trapping _______
 Birds like _______ and _________tend to have
more down – Why?
 __________ Down
 Special type of down on _________birds –
_________________
Filoplumes
 Probably __________
feathers – still debated
 Other types
 Semiplumes
 Bristles
Feather_____________
 Why are females usually not as bright as males?
Why do some birds have
____________ plumaged sexes?
Why would some birds ______
________in the winter?
How do they change?
_____________
 Birds ______ feathers and grow new
ones
 Most do it _______
 Some do it____________
 _________ or _________ Plumage
 _________colors, usually in __________
WHY?
 Basic or _________Plumage
 Usually fairly_____________
 Most birds molt _________a year
4 Ways Birds are Adapted for Flight
1. _____________________
_____________________
_______
2. _______reduction


Bones are nearly
___________(pneumatic)
________, no
_______________etc.
3. Large _______muscles
that move the
__________
4. __________________
________in a
Bird’s Wing
Top
Leading edge
Trailing edge
Birds vs. Airplanes
If a bird is just __________(or
“_________"), that is, not flapping its
wings, it flies in pretty much the
same way that an ________flies.
The wings push air________, so by
Newton's ________law the air must
push them______. The push
comes partly from the ______of the
______and partly from the__________
of the wings.
Swainson’s Hawk
___________Flight
The bird uses its strong _______to push
its wings__________, pushing
air_________, generating_____, and, if the
wings are _________properly,
also___________. The big problem then
becomes not pushing
air back ____________
when the bird
moves its wings ____
for the ________stroke.
______vs. ______Wings
Birds have _______wings. On the__________,
the wing is fully _________offering its full
________ ___for pushing air ____________.
On the__________,
the wing_____ __,
presenting
less surface
_______.
Osprey ?
Bird Wings Can Move in Many Ways
Many can use their tails like a
_____for_____________.
Motionless Flight
 Hummingbirds' wings are
pointed and swept back, and
they _______ at
the__________, not at
the______, allowing the wing
to be _______ ____ in
midstroke, so that _________
motion cancels _______
motion and the bird remains
_______poised in the air to
sip the ______of flowers.
Hummingbird flight
Black-chinned hummingbird
Hummingbird Facts
♂ broad-tailed
 How many times does a
hummingbird's wings beat per SECOND?
 _______ times per second!
 How many heartbeats per minute?
 Their hearts beat at over ________
beats PER MINUTE.
______ ______ Can Help to Determine
What ____ of Bird You are Seeing
And what their ________ or
____________ is…
Wing Shapes
What does ______ mean?
Any species (dinosaur, bird etc.) that
_______ and _______ its prey with its
_________
Raptor
Silhouettes
Raptor Wings
 Buteos – soaring wings
 Found in open country
 Accipiters – maneuverable
wings and long tail
 Found in forests
 Falcons – built for speed
 Found in the open or above the
forest
 Vultures – soaring wings
Feet – Another Adaptation
Bird Feet
SHAPE
TYPE
ADAPTATION
Grasping
Raptors like Osprey use their large curved claws to
snatch fish from the water.
Scratching
Pheasants and other birds that scratch the soil for
food have nail-like toes.
Swimming
Ducks and other webbed lined swimming birds use
their feet like paddles.
Perching
Robins have a long back toe, which lets them grab a
perch tightly.
Running
Many fast-running birds have three toes rather than
four.
Climbing
A woodpecker's hind toes enable it to climb without
falling backward.
Bird Beaks – Another Adaptation
You Can Tell a Lot About a Bird’s
Niche by the Shape of the Bill
Bird Bills
SHAPE
TYPE
ADAPTATION
Cracker
Seed eaters like sparrows and cardinals have short,
thick conical bills for cracking seed.
Birds of prey like hawks and owls have sharp, curved
bills for tearing meat.
Woodpeckers have bills that are long and chisel-like for
boring into wood to eat insects.
Hummingbird bills are long and slender for probing
flowers for nectar.
Some ducks have long, flat bills that strain small plants
and animals from the water.
Shredder
Chisel
Probe
Strainer
Spear
Tweezer
Swiss Army
Knife
Birds like herons and kingfishers have spear-like bills
adapted for fishing.
Insect eaters like warblers have thin, pointed bills.
Crows have a multi-purpose bill that allows them to eat
fruit, seeds, insects, fish, and other animals.
Bird Adaptations





Types of __________
Forelimb Modified into _______
Modifications for_______
Specialized ________
Specialized_______