Transcript Islam and Culture PowerPoint Notes

CULTURE IN THE MIDDLE EAST
MIDDLE EASTERN ART
• Calligraphy: Art of
beautiful
handwriting
• Arabic letters are
easily linked for an
artistic look.
• Mosques often
contain examples
of Arabic
calligraphy.
GEOMETRIC ART
• Abstract designs that adorn the surfaces of monumental
Islamic architecture and other objects
• Muslims created this type of art because many were
resistant to the representation of living beings
• Also, Allah and Muhammad are not allowed to be drawn or
pictured (ever…even today)
EXAMPLES OF GEOMETRIC ART
PHOTOS TAKEN BY MS. WILDA
IN MALAGA, SPAIN; JULY 2009
ARCHITECTURE
• Examples are
mosques and
madrasas (schools).
• Early Islamic
religious
architecture,
exemplified by
Jerusalem's Dome of
the Rock (AD 691)
drew on Christian
architectural features
such as domes,
columnar arches, and
mosaics but also
included large courts
for congregational
prayer
In Muslim countries, a
madrasa is an
institution of higher
education. The madrasa
functioned until the
20th century as a
theological seminary
and law school, with a
curriculum centered on
the Qur'an.
The Prophet's Mosque
in Medina, Saudi
Arabia, containing the
tomb of Muhammad. It
is one of the three
holiest places of Islam.
MORE ARCHITECTURE
• Dome of the Rock (Jerusalem): Muslims believe this
is where Muhammad ascended into heaven
Alhambra (Located in Granada, Spain)
ALCAZABA IN
MALAGA, SPAIN
VEILS
• Basic Definition:
• Hijab: Means “veil” in Arabic
• Types:
• Hijab: square scarf that covers the head and
neck but leaves the face clear
• Niqab: Veil for the face that leaves the area
around the eyes clear. It is worn with an
accompanying headscarf.
• Burka: Most concealing of all Islamic veils. It
covers the entire face and body, leaving just a
mesh screen to see through.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF VEILS
ISLAMIC DRESS (ACCORDING TO THE QURAN)
• For Women:
• Many Muslim women wear the scarf (hijab)
• Arms and legs are to be covered up to the hands and feet
• Clothing should not be tight fitting or revealing
(religiously mandatory)
• Some women also choose to wear a niqab or face veil
• Women should not reveal their charms to males who are
beyond a certain degree of kinship
• For Men:
• Covering the body from the navel to the knees
GENDER ROLES IN ISLAM
• Women do not play a central role in Muslim public worship
but are allowed to go to some mosques and worship in
designated spots like balconies or a back corner
• At Mecca, separate tunnels and halls are designated for
women, and some of the rituals differ
• Traditional views regarding female chastity are
emphasized in Muslim society; dating is therefore not
common.
• In Muslim societies the social interaction between
unrelated men and women is restricted
RESOURCES
• Alhambra. Photograph. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web.
16 Nov. 2012. <http://www.school.eb.com/eb/art-17272>.
• “Calligraphy." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online School Edition.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2012. Web. 16 Nov. 2012.
<http://www.school.eb.com/eb/article-53194>.
• Department of Islamic Art. "Figural Representation in Islamic Art". In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art
History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–.
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/figs/hd_figs.htm (October 2001)
• Dome of the Rock. Photograph. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web.
16 Nov. 2012. <http://www.school.eb.com/eb/art-120804>.
• Dome of the Rock [Photograph]. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 16 November 2012, from
http://www.school.eb.com/eb/art-120804
• "Islam." World History: The Modern Era. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 19 Nov. 2012.
• Madrasah. Photograph. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web.
19 Nov. 2012. <http://www.school.eb.com/eb/art-148131>.
• “Muslim Veils,” BBC News,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/05/europe_muslim_veils/html/1.stm
• Prophet’s Mosque [Photograph]. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 19 November 2012, from
http://www.school.eb.com/eb/art-97515
• "Women, Men, and Gender in Islam." The Muslim Almanac: A Reference Work on the History,
Faith, Culture, and Peoples of Islam. Azim Nanji. Detroit: Gale Research, 1996. Gale World
History In Context. Web. 19 Nov. 2012.