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MED 111 B
Chapter 12:
The Nervous
System
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Chapter 11:
The Endocrine
System
Review
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The endocrine system
A network of glands that secrete hormones into
the blood stream, regulating the function of the
body’s organs.
In this way they maintain homeostatis, or the
“normal” state.
See table 11.1 on page 359
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The adrenal glands:
Secrete adrenaline (actually a
combination of epinephrine and
norepinephrine)
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Ovaries:
Female gonads
(reproductive
organs).
Secrete
estrogen,
regulating the
ovulation cycle.
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Testes:
Male gonads
(reproductive
organs).
Secrete
testosterone,
regulating sperm
production.
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Pancreas:
Modulates blood sugar
levels by the release of
insulin and glucagon.
Insulin = lower
blood sugar
Glucagon = higher
blood sugar
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Thymus:
Secretes thymosin,
which helps to
regulate the
production of
immune cells (such
as lymphocytes).
Decreases in size after
puberty.
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Pituitary gland:
Divided into anterior
and posterior lobes.
Anterior: Secretes
growth and
Developmental
hormones.
Posterior: Secretes hormones
which regulate water absorption
(antidiuretic hormone) {and uterine
contractions (ocytocin) – in
women}
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Thyroid:
Secretes hormones
such as thyroxine
and triiodothyronine
to adjust the body’s
metabolism.
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Chapter 12:
The Nervous
System
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What is the nervous
system?
A collection of organs
composed of electrochemical tissue. This
system relays information
throughout the body.
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The fundamental unit of the
nervous system is the neuron.
This is a highly specialized cell
capable of carrying
information:
1. From the outside world into
the body.
2. From the body to the
outside world.
3. From within the body itself.
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The neuron in detail
Dendrites:
Communicate with
other neurons
Soma:
Body of the cell
Axon:
Transmits information
Terminal buton:
French for button,
connects to other neurons
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• Central nervous system (CNS): The brain
and spinal cord
• Peripheral nervous system (PNS): All
other nervous tissue.
• White matter = axons
• Gray matter = cell bodies
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Nerves:
A collection of neurons bundled
together. Nerves can carry information
in an afferent or efferent direction.
These can carry sensory information
from the outside world to the body, or
motor information which causes your
body to react.
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The Brain:
An organ consisting
of a collection of
neurons arranged to
receive, process, and
transmit crucial
information.
10-100 billion
neurons, over 100
trillion connections.
This is currently the
most complex system
known to exist by
mankind!
Part of the CNS.
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Brain anatomy:
4 main lobes:
Parietal (top)
Frontal (front)
Temporal (sides)
Occipital (back)
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Lobes, in detail
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The Spinal Cord:
An organ consisting
of a collection of
neurons arranged to
receive, process, and
transmit crucial
information.
Part of the CNS.
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Inside your prof’s head once again…
1. Light flash
VEP:
The visually
evoked potential
2. My brain’s response!
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Brain imaging:
Using tools to monitor the
anatomy and critical
functions of the brain.
These include measuring
brain glucose and oxygen
consumption – a measure
of how munch energy the
brain is using.
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Questions
?
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Assignment
• Read Chapter 12
• Complete the review at the end of Chapter 11 (do not turn in).
• TUTORING: RM 152 – MW 12-1pm, TTH 5-6pm
• Optional but highly suggested
Complete the exercises for your textbook at:
http://www.prenhall.com/fremgen
• Course Website:
http://med111b.wordpress.com
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