Transcript FAP Ch. 12 Clicker Questions

Chapter 12
Neural Tissue
Clicker Questions
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Bundles of axons in the peripheral nervous
system are also known as
a. tracts
b. nerve fibers
c. vessels
d. none of the above
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Bundles of axons in the peripheral nervous
system are also known as
a. tracts
b. nerve fibers
c. vessels
d. none of the above
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The two functional divisions of the
peripheral nervous system are the afferent
and efferent divisions. What are their
respective functions?
a. control of the central nervous system; control
of the peripheral nervous system
b. control of neurons; control of neuroglia
c. sensory input to the CNS; carries motor
commands to muscles or glands
d. carries motor commands to muscles
or glands; sensory input to the CNS
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The two functional divisions of the
peripheral nervous system are the afferent
and efferent divisions. What are their
respective functions?
a. control of the central nervous system; control
of the peripheral nervous system
b. control of neurons; control of neuroglia
c. sensory input to the CNS; carries motor
commands to muscles or glands
d. carries motor commands to muscles
or glands; sensory input to the CNS
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The synapse between a neuron and a
muscle cell is called a
a. gap junction
b. desmosome
c. neuromuscular junction
d. intercalated disc
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The synapse between a neuron and a
muscle cell is called a
a. gap junction
b. desmosome
c. neuromuscular junction
d. intercalated disc
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Since neurons lack ______, they cannot
undergo ______.
a. Nissl bodies; endocytosis
b. centrioles; cell division
c. nuclei; meiosis
d. chromosomes; cell respiration
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Since neurons lack ______, they cannot
undergo ______.
a. Nissl bodies; endocytosis
b. centrioles; cell division
c. nuclei; meiosis
d. chromosomes; cell respiration
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The functional classification of neurons that
are responsible for integrating sensory
information with motor output are called
______. These neurons are located
__________.
a. motor neurons; in the anterior horn of the
spinal cord
b. proprioceptors; in skeletal muscles and joints
c. interneurons; almost exclusively in the CNS
d. interoceptors; in the digestive, respiratory, and
cardiovascular systems
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The functional classification of neurons that
are responsible for integrating sensory
information with motor output are called
______. These neurons are located
__________.
a. motor neurons; in the anterior horn of the
spinal cord
b. proprioceptors; in skeletal muscles and joints
c. interneurons; almost exclusively in the
CNS
d. interoceptors; in the digestive, respiratory, and
cardiovascular systems
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Which of the CNS neuroglial cells function
as phagocytic cells?
a. satellite cells
b. microglia
c. oligodendrocytes
d. astrocytes
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Which of the CNS neuroglial cells function
as phagocytic cells?
a. satellite cells
b. microglia
c. oligodendrocytes
d. astrocytes
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Neuroglia of the PNS include __ and __, and
their respective functions are __ and __.
a. astrocytes; oligodendrocytes; guide axon
regeneration; myelinate axons
b. ependymal cells; Schwann cells; form
cerebrospinal fluid; form myelin sheath
c. satellite cells; Schwann cells; regulate O2,
CO2, nutrient, and transmitter levels; myelinate
axons
d. microglia; ependymal cells; regulate
environment around neurons; form
cerebrospinal fluid
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Neuroglia of the PNS include __ and __, and
their respective functions are __ and __.
a. astrocytes; oligodendrocytes; guide axon
regeneration; myelinate axons
b. ependymal cells; Schwann cells; form
cerebrospinal fluid; form myelin sheath
c. satellite cells; Schwann cells; regulate O2,
CO2, nutrient, and transmitter levels;
myelinate axons
d. microglia; ependymal cells; regulate
environment around neurons; form
cerebrospinal fluid
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Which type of neuroglia would be found
lining the hollow regions of the CNS?
a. astrocytes
b. microglia
c. ependymal cells
d. oligodendrocytes
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Which type of neuroglia would be found
lining the hollow regions of the CNS?
a. astrocytes
b. microglia
c. ependymal cells
d. oligodendrocytes
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Which type of voltage-regulated channels
are located just beyond the axon hillock?
a. voltage-regulated potassium channels
b. voltage-regulated calcium channels
c. voltage-regulated chloride channels
d. voltage-regulated sodium channels
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Which type of voltage-regulated channels
are located just beyond the axon hillock?
a. voltage-regulated potassium channels
b. voltage-regulated calcium channels
c. voltage-regulated chloride channels
d. voltage-regulated sodium channels
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What effect would decreasing the
concentration of extracellular potassium
ions have on the transmembrane potential
of a neuron?
a. repolarization
b. hypopolarization
c. decreased transmembrane potential
d. hyperpolarization
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What effect would decreasing the
concentration of extracellular potassium
ions have on the transmembrane potential
of a neuron?
a. repolarization
b. hypopolarization
c. decreased transmembrane potential
d. hyperpolarization
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The gated channels that respond to physical
distortion of the membrane surface are
called ________. These channels are
important in ________.
a. chemically gated channels; dendrites
b. mechanically gated channels; sensory
receptors
c. voltage-gated channels; axons of multipolar
and unipolar neurons
d. passive channels; areas where the
channels must remain open
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The gated channels that respond to physical
distortion of the membrane surface are
called ________. These channels are
important in ________.
a. chemically gated channels; dendrites
b. mechanically gated channels; sensory
receptors
c. voltage-gated channels; axons of multipolar
and unipolar neurons
d. passive channels; areas where the
channels must remain open
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Which of these is NOT a site at which
acetylcholine is released at a synapse?
a. at neuromuscular junctions with skeletal
muscles
b. at ganglionic neuron-to-neuron synapses in
the ANS
c. sometimes at postganglionic synapses in the
sympathetic division of the ANS
d. none of the above
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Which of these is NOT a site at which
acetylcholine is released at a synapse?
a. at neuromuscular junctions with skeletal
muscles
b. at ganglionic neuron-to-neuron synapses in
the ANS
c. sometimes at postganglionic synapses in the
sympathetic division of the ANS
d. none of the above
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The effects of a neurotransmitter on the
postsynaptic membrane depend on
a. the time involved in calcium influx across the
synapse
b. the rate of enzyme inhibition
c. the properties of the release of
neurotransmitter
d. the type of receptor
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The effects of a neurotransmitter on the
postsynaptic membrane depend on
a. the time involved in calcium influx across the
synapse
b. the rate of enzyme inhibition
c. the properties of the release of
neurotransmitter
d. the type of receptor
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What is the primary distinction between
chemical and electrical synapses? Which
type is more rare?
a. electrical synapses involve a
neurotransmitter; chemical synapses
b. electrical synapses involve direct connection
between cells; electrical synapses
c. chemical synapses involve direct connection
between cells; chemical synapses
d. electrical synapses always use ACh;
both are equally abundant
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What is the primary distinction between
chemical and electrical synapses? Which
type is more rare?
a. electrical synapses involve a
neurotransmitter; chemical synapses
b. electrical synapses involve direct
connection between cells; electrical
synapses
c. chemical synapses involve direct connection
between cells; chemical synapses
d. electrical synapses always use ACh;
both are equally abundant
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What effect would blocking voltageregulated calcium channels at a cholinergic
synapse have on synaptic communication?
a. Communication would cease.
b. Communication would be enhanced.
c. Communication would be misdirected.
d. Communication would continue as before.
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What effect would blocking voltageregulated calcium channels at a cholinergic
synapse have on synaptic communication?
a. Communication would cease.
b. Communication would be enhanced.
c. Communication would be misdirected.
d. Communication would continue as before.
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Which structure of a neuron is capable of
propagating an electrical impulse?
a. dendrite
b. axon
c. cell body
d. perikaryon
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Which structure of a neuron is capable of
propagating an electrical impulse?
a. dendrite
b. axon
c. cell body
d. perikaryon
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Enhancing the effects of the
neurotransmitter ________ has allowed
pharmaceutical companies to produce
medications that decrease anxiety.
a. serotonin
b. norepinephrine
c. acetylcholine
d. GABA
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Enhancing the effects of the
neurotransmitter ________ has allowed
pharmaceutical companies to produce
medications that decrease anxiety.
a. serotonin
b. norepinephrine
c. acetylcholine
d. GABA
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Effectors include which of the following?
a. glands
b. muscles
c. adipose tissue
d. all of the above
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Effectors include which of the following?
a. glands
b. muscles
c. adipose tissue
d. all of the above
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A person you know has experienced sleep
problems and prolonged depression. Which
neurotransmitter may be in short supply?
a. dopamine
b. any of the opioids
c. acetylcholine
d. serotonin
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A person you know has experienced sleep
problems and prolonged depression. Which
neurotransmitter may be in short supply?
a. dopamine
b. any of the opioids
c. acetylcholine
d. serotonin
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The relationship between a
neurotransmitter, such as NE and cAMP, is
that they are _____, which is enhanced by a
“link” called a ______.
a. both amino acids; carboxyl group
b. 1st messenger and 2nd messenger;
G protein
c. neurotransmitters; 2nd messenger
d. EPSP and IPSP; 1st messenger
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The relationship between a
neurotransmitter, such as NE and cAMP, is
that they are _____, which is enhanced by a
“link” called a ______.
a. both amino acids; carboxyl group
b. 1st messenger and 2nd messenger;
G protein
c. neurotransmitters; 2nd messenger
d. EPSP and IPSP; 1st messenger
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Excitatory neurotransmitters cause ______,
and inhibitory neurotransmitters _____.
a. repolarization; return to resting potential
b. suppression of generation of action potentials;
promote generation of action potentials
c. synaptic fatigue; cause synaptic delay
d. depolarization; cause hyperpolarization
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Excitatory neurotransmitters cause ______,
and inhibitory neurotransmitters _____.
a. repolarization; return to resting potential
b. suppression of generation of action potentials;
promote generation of action potentials
c. synaptic fatigue; cause synaptic delay
d. depolarization; cause hyperpolarization
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Axon A propagates signal at 50 m/sec and
axon B propagates signal at 1 m/sec. What
is the structural difference between these
axons?
a. Axon A has a smaller diameter than axon B
b. Axon B is myelinated
c. Axon A is myelinated
d. none of the above
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Axon A propagates signal at 50 m/sec and
axon B propagates signal at 1 m/sec. What
is the structural difference between these
axons?
a. Axon A has a smaller diameter than axon B
b. Axon B is myelinated
c. Axon A is myelinated
d. none of the above
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Which of the choices below correctly lists
the steps of an action potential?
a. resting potential ➔ absolute refractory period ➔
relative refractory period
b. all-or-none principle ➔ stimulus triggers action
potential ➔ stimulus does not trigger action
potential
c. depolarization to threshold ➔ activation of sodium
channels and depolarization ➔ inactivation of
sodium channels and activation of potassium
channels ➔ return to normal permeability
d. none of the above
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Which of the choices below correctly lists
the steps of an action potential?
a. resting potential ➔ absolute refractory period ➔
relative refractory period
b. all-or-none principle ➔ stimulus triggers action
potential ➔ stimulus does not trigger action
potential
c. depolarization to threshold ➔ activation of
sodium channels and depolarization ➔
inactivation of sodium channels and activation
of potassium channels ➔ return to normal
permeability
d. none of the above
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Which of the following is true concerning
neuromodulators?
a. have long-term effects
b. act immediately without intermediate steps
c. affect neither postsynaptic nor presynaptic
membrane
d. none of the above
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Which of the following is true concerning
neuromodulators?
a. have long-term effects
b. act immediately without intermediate steps
c. affect neither postsynaptic nor presynaptic
membrane
d. none of the above
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Which of the following statements is (are)
true with regard to saltatory propagation?
a. Myelinated areas of the axon increase
propagation.
b. Only nodes along a myelinated axon can
respond to a depolarizing stimulus.
c. Continuous propagation uses less energy, and
fewer sodium ions must be pumped out.
d. A and B are correct.
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Which of the following statements is (are)
true with regard to saltatory propagation?
a. Myelinated areas of the axon increase
propagation.
b. Only nodes along a myelinated axon can
respond to a depolarizing stimulus.
c. Continuous propagation uses less energy, and
fewer sodium ions must be pumped out.
d. A and B are correct.
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In what ways are temporal and spatial
summation the same?
a) Both require a rapid succession of stimuli at a
single synapse.
b) Both are methods by which individual EPSPs
combine to result in an action potential.
c) Both occur when simultaneous stimuli are
applied at different locations, causing a
cumulative effect on transmembrane potential.
d) All of the above are correct.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
In what ways are temporal and spatial
summation the same?
a) Both require a rapid succession of stimuli at a
single synapse.
b) Both are methods by which individual
EPSPs combine to result in an action
potential.
c) Both occur when simultaneous stimuli are
applied at different locations, causing a
cumulative effect on transmembrane potential.
d) All of the above are correct.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.