Transcript Review: Test 2

Review: Test 2
The rate limiting step of a nerve
transmission is
a)
b)
c)
d)
Electrical synapse
Action potential
Chemical synapse
Resting potential
Chemical synapse : diffusion of neurotransmitter
Slower than the action potential.
Unit 2A: synapses
Which neurotransmitter causes
hyperpolarization?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Glutamic acid
GABA
GABA – acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter
causing hyperpolarization.
Unit 2A: neurotransmitters
All reflexes involve only an afferent
and efferent neuron
• True
• False
False – reflexes involve an afferent neuron,
efferent and a interneurons that process in
the sensory information received by afferent
neuron and send a response through the
efferent neuron.
Match the following
Cerebral Lobe
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1: b
2: e
3: a
4:c
5: d
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Insula
Temporal
Function
a)
Visual perception and memory;
focusing of the eyes
b) Motor control; intellectual processes
c) Memory, sensory pain, visceral
integration
d) Interpretation of auditory sensations;
auditory memory.
e) Somatesthetic sensations
The reticular activation system (RAS)
when inhibited makes you _____
a)
b)
c)
d)
Alert
Sleep
Concentrate
Wakeful
b) Sleep
Unit 2B: Functional System of Brain
The process of linking new facts with
old ones already stored in the memory
bank is called:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Automatic memory
Long term memory
Short term memory
Association
Answer: Association
Review 2B:Memory and transfer from STM to LTM
The __________ controls the autonomic
nervous system as well as releases tropical
hormones to control the endocrine system
a)
b)
c)
d)
Midbrain
Pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Limbic system
Hypothalamus – osmoreceptors, thermostats
Review: Unit 2B Functional Systems of brain
The autonomic nervous system has
motor neurons innervating
a)
b)
c)
d)
Skeletal muscles
Viscera and glands
Myelinated axons
Effectors neurons
Answer: Viscera and glands
Review: Unit 2C : ANS vs. SNS
In the autonomic nervous system,
norepinephrine is released by
a)
b)
c)
d)
Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons
Sympathetic preganglionic neurons
Sympathetic postganglionic neurons
Both a and b
Answer: Sympathetic postganglionic neurons
Release norepinephrine; the rest release acetylcholine
Review: 2C: neurotransmitters released
Nicotinic receptors have an excitatory effect.
They bind to the neurotransmitter ___________
and are found in ________________
a)
b)
c)
d)
Norepinephrine, preganglionic dendrites
Norepinephrine, postganglionic dendrites
Acetylcholine, postganglionic dendrites
Alpha receptors, postganglionic dendrites
Answer: Acetylcholine – postganglionic dendrites
Review: 2C – neurotransmitter receptors
Alpha1 receptors respond to ____________
and increases sweating palms.
a)
b)
c)
d)
GABA
Norepinephrine
Acetylcholine
Glycine
Answer: Norepinephrine
Review: 2C – neurotransmitter receptors
Lying invokes a sympathetic response causing
pupils to __________ as mediated by ____ and
____ receptors.
a) Constrict, nicotinic and alpha
b) Constrict, alpha1 and beta2
c) Dilate, nicotinic and muscarinic
d) Dilate, alpha1 and beta2
Answer: Dilate, alpha1 and beta2
Review: 2C – neurotransmitter receptors
Acetylcholine is not released by the
postganglionic sympathetic nervous
system.
a) True
b) False
True – norepinephrine is released by the
postganglionic nervous system.
Review: 2C - neurotransmitters released
Which sensory receptor in the cochlea
perceives air pressure changes?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Photoreceptor
Nociceptors
Chemoreceptor
Mechanoreceptor
Answer: Mechanoreceptor
Review: 2D – Senses receptor
Which is not detected by
mechanoreceptor?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Pressure changes
Taste
Touch
Vibration
Answer: Taste – detected by chemoreceptor
Review: 2D Senses – types receptors
Which skin receptor can detect the
texture of fine sand?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Meissner corpuscles
Ruffinni endings
Merkel’s disk
Pacinian corpuscles
Answer: Meissner corpuscles – detect texture
and vibration
Review: 2D – Cutaneous Sensations
Saccular hair cells respond to ___________
movement and are found near the
____________
a)
b)
c)
d)
Horizontal, semicircular canals
Horizontal, cochlea
Vertical, cochlea
Vertical, semicircular canals
Answer: vertical, cochlea
Review: 2D - Equilibrium
The oval window is directly to which
area in the cochlea?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Scala tympani
Scala vestibuli
Scala media
Organ of Cort
Answer: Scala vestibuli
Review: 2D – Cochlea structure
Center of focus is found in the
____________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Cornea
Bipolar cell layer
Lens
Macula lutea
Answer: Macula Lutea – where cones are found
Review: 2D – Cones and Rods
If someone is myopic, their focal point
_____________ of the retina and need
____________lens.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Back, convex
Back, concave
Front, concave
Front, convex
Answer: Front, concave
Review: 2D - Problems of Refraction
Neurotransmitter is released from rods
and cones in the dark.
a) True
b) False
Answer: True
Review: 2D Dark current of the eye
Which sense perception doesn’t
involve the thalamus
a)
b)
c)
d)
Taste
Hearing
Balance
Smell
Answer: Smell
Review: notes - processes
In order to make an effect this type of
hormone must enter the cell directly
a)
b)
c)
d)
Paracrine
Autocrine
Steroids
Biogenic Amides
Answer: Steroids
Review: Unit 2E – Chemical Classes of Hormones
Biogenic amides hormones exert their
effects on the target cell via
a)
b)
c)
d)
Transduction response
Chemical synapse
Second messenger response
Translation response
Answer: Second messenger
Review: Unit 2E – Chemical Classes of Hormones
Insulin is released as a response to an
increase in blood sugar levels. This is an
example of
a)
b)
c)
d)
Hormonal stimuli
Neural stimuli
Humoral stimuli
Digestion stimuli
Answer: Humoral stimuli
Review: 2E – Types of hormonal stimuli
Which is NOT a tropic hormone?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Growth hormone
Aldosterone
Luthenizing hormone
Prolactin
Answer: Prolactin
Review: 2E – Anterior Pituitary hormones
Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone both
control the level of calcium in the blood.
___________ promotes calcium withdrawals;
___________promotes bone mineralization
a)
b)
c)
d)
Calcitrol, calcitonin
Calcitonin, parathyroid
Parathyroid, calcitrol
Parathyroid, calcitonin.
Answer: Parathyroid, calcitonin
Review: Thryorid and parathyroid gland
Match the following zones to the
matching corticoids
1. Zona glomerulosa
2. Zona fasciculata
3. Zona reticularis
Answers:
1. C
2. A
3. B
Review: Adrenal Cortex
a) glucocorticoids
b) gonadocorticoids
c) mineralocorticoids
Cushing syndrome and Addison’s disease
results due to an imbalance in the
hormone
a)
b)
c)
d)
Testosterone
Thyroid
Cortisol
Glucagon
Answer: Cortisol
Review: 2E – Hormones and Conditions