Transcript Central Nervous System

The Central Nervous System
(C.N.S)
MINDARIE SENIOR COLLEGE
3A/3B HUMAN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE
The Central Nervous System is made up of
the brain and the spinal cord.
The brain
The brain
The spinal
cord
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre B13
The main parts of the CNS
(left side facing)
cerebrum
Spinal cord
cerebellum
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15
The main parts of the CNS
(right side facing)
cerebrum
spinal cord
cerebellum
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15
Cerebrum features
• outermost layer contains the cerebral
cortex (grey matter)
• middle layer contains the white matter
• innermost layer contains grey matter
called the basal ganglia
Cerebrum
cerebral cortex
thalamus
cerebrum
hypothalamus
mid-brain
cerebellum
pons varolii
spinal cord
medulla oblongata
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15
The cerebral cortex
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15
Functional areas of the cerebral
cortex
Primary
sensory area
Primary
motor area
Speech
Visual
association
area
Motor area
for speech
Primary
auditory
area
Auditory
association
area
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15
Primary visual
area
The functional areas of the cerebral
cortex
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thinking
reasoning
learning
memory
intelligence
sense of responsibility
perception of the senses
initiation and control of voluntary muscle
contraction
Cerebral cortex
cerebral cortex
thalamus
cerebrum
hypothalamus
mid-brain
cerebellum
pons varolii
spinal cord
medulla oblongata
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15
The functional areas of the
cerebrum
• sensory areas interpret impulses from
receptors.
• motor areas control muscular movements.
• association areas are involved with
intellectual and emotional processes.
Cerebrum
cerebral cortex
thalamus
cerebrum
hypothalamus
mid-brain
cerebellum
pons varolii
spinal cord
medulla oblongata
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15
The hypothalamus regulates:
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heart rate
body temperature
movement of food through the alimentary canal
food and water intake
patterns of waking and sleeping
contraction of the urinary bladder
sexual cycles
sensory information from internal organs
associated with fear and anger
the release of hormones from the pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
thalamus
cerebrum
hypothalamus
mid-brain
cerebellum
pons varolii
spinal cord
medulla oblongata
Acknowledgement: Picture of Model from Mentone Educational Centre C15
The medulla oblongata regulates:
• heartbeat through its cardiovascular centre
• breathing rhythm through its respiratory
centre
• the diameter of blood vessels through its
vasomotor centre
Medulla oblongata
cerebral cortex
thalamus
cerebrum
hypothalamus
mid-brain
cerebellum
pons Varolii
spinal cord
medulla oblongata
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15
The spinal cord
The action of the spinal cord
Sensory neurons pick up signals from the
skin and transfer that information to
connector neurons in the spinal cord and/or
brain.
This information is relayed on to the motor
neurons in the spinal cord to illicit a
response.
motor neuron
sensory neuron
connector neuron
Acknowledgement: Picture taken from Newton & Joyce, Human Perspectives Book 2 Fig 21.3 Revised Edition 2000 pg 268
motor neuron
sensory neuron
connector neuron
Acknowledgement: Picture taken from Newton & Joyce, Human Perspectives Book 2 Fig 21.3 Revised Edition 2000 pg 268