Transcript Connective Tissue

Tissues of the
Body
Histology:
– the study of tissues.
From Cells to Organ Systems
• Cells combine to form tissues, and
tissues combine to form organs
Four Basic Kinds of Tissues
• Epithelial Tissue
• Connective Tissue
• Muscle Tissue
• Nervous Tissue
Diversity in
structure and function…
anatomy & physiology!
Epithelial Tissue
• Epithelial Tissue Locations:
– Covers the body
– Lines the cavities, tubes, ducts
and blood vessels inside the
body
–Covers the organs inside body
cavities
Epithelial Tissue
• Epithelial Tissue Functions:
– Protection from physical & chemical
injury
– Protection against microbial invasion
– Contains receptors which respond to
stimuli
– Filters, secretes & reabsorbs materials
– Secretes serous fluids to lubricate
structures
Epithelium
• Two FUNCTIONAL types:
– membranous epithelia
• form the coverings or linings of organs
– glandular epithelia
• form exocrine and endocrine glands
Epithelium
STRUCTURAL types:
Simple
SHAPE
Squamous
Cuboidal
Stratified
LAYERS
Columnar
Epithelium-Human Stomach
Glandular Epithelia
• Figure 4.4
Connective Tissue
• Connective Tissue:
– Most abundant & widely distributed tissue
• Connective Tissue Functions:
– Connects, binds and supports structures,
• Tendons, ligaments, etc.
– Protects & cushions organs and tissues,
– Insulates (fat) and
– Transports substances (blood).
Connective Tissue
• Binds the cells and organs of
the body together
– All connective tissues
consist of two basic
components: cells and
extracellular fibers
• Two types of connective
tissue are:
– Connective tissue proper
– Specialized connective
tissue
Section 4-1
Connective
Tissue
Connective Tissue
• An important structural component of organs
– Consists of two types:
• Loose
connective
tissue
• Dense
connective
tissue
Specialized Connective Tissues
• Perform specific functions essential to homeostasis
• The body contains three types of specialized
connective tissue:
BLOOD
Contains
blood cells,
platelets,
plasma
Consists of
bone cells
(osteocytes)
BONE
and a calcified
cartilage
matrix
Two types:
• spongy
• compact
Consists of
specialized
cells
CARTILAGE
embedded in a
matrix of
extracellular
fibers and
other
extracellular
material
Muscle Tissue
• Muscle Tissue:
– Associated with the muscle of the skeleton,
the heart and in the walls of the hollow organs
of the body.
• Muscle Tissue Functions:
– Movement
–
–
–
–
–
–
-
Locomotion
Maintains posture
Produces heat
Facial expressions
Pumps blood
Peristalsis = movement of substances through body
(i.e. swallowing, intestinal, ovulation)
Muscle Tissue
• Consists of specialized cells that
contract when stimulated
• The body has three types of muscle
tissue:
• Skeletal (voluntary)
• Cardiac (involuntary)
• Smooth muscle (involuntary)
Nervous Tissue
• Nervous Tissue:
– Main component of the nervous system,
ie., brain, spinal cord & nerves.
• Nervous Tissue Functions:
– Regulates & controls body functions
– Generates & transmits nerve impulses
– Supports, insulates and protects impulse
generating neurons.
Nervous Tissue
• Contains specialized
cells that conduct
impulses
• Conducting cells,
called neurons,
transmit impulses from
one region of the body
to another.
• Nonconducting cells,
neuroglia, are a type
of nervous system
connective tissue.
Nerve Tissue
TISSUE
LAB
You will
view
6
of the
following:
EPITHELIAL (2)
– Stratified squamous
– Simple columnar
– Pseudostratified columnar
CONNECTIVE
–
–
–
–
(2)
Adipose
Blood
Bone
Hyaline Cartilage
MUSCLE (1)
– Smooth
– Skeletal
– Cardiac
NERVOUS (1)
– Motor neuron
Tissue Repair (Wound Healing)
• Regeneration
– Replacement of destroyed tissue by the same
kind of cells
– No clotting; no scar
• Fibrosis
– Repair by dense (fibrous) connective tissue
– Scar tissue results
• Determination of method
– Type of tissue damaged
– Severity of the injury
Events in Tissue Repair
1. Capillaries become very permeable
– Introduce clotting proteins
– A clot walls off the injured area
2. Formation of granulation tissue
– Growth of new capillaries
– Rebuild collagen fibers
3. Regeneration of surface epithelium
– Scab detaches
Tissues that regenerate very well
– Epithelial tissue (skin and mucous membranes)
– Fibrous connective tissues (areolar, dense)
– Bone
– Blood forming
• Tissues that cannot regenerate at all
–Cardiac muscle
–Nervous tissue within the brain and spinal cord
• Moderate regeneration
- Smooth
- Dense regular
• Weak regeneration
• Skeletal muscle
• Cartilage
Scar Tissue
Build up of scar tissue obstructs or limits
movements of smooth muscle.
Example:
1. Stomach – churning and
twisting of foodstuffs
2. Blood vessels – constricting to
move blood through