LevelsOfOrganization - Sterlingmontessoriscience
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Transcript LevelsOfOrganization - Sterlingmontessoriscience
Levels Of Organization for
Organisms + Tissues:
The levels of organization from
simplest to most complex are:
Cells
Tissues
Organs
System
Organism
Cells
The basic unit of structure and function in the
human body
Though all cells perform the processes that keep
humans alive, they also have specialized
functions as well.
Examples may be nerve cells (neurons), blood
cells, and bone cells.
Tissues
A group of specialized
cells that work together to
perform the same function.
Histology is the science that
deals with the study of
tissues.
Pathologists specialize in
laboratory studies of cells
and tissue for diagnoses
Tissue Images: Types
4 TYPES OF TISSUES
Epithelial
Tissues:
Covers the body’s surface
and organs.
Connective Tissues:
Tendons, ligaments,
cartilage, blood, fat, bone
Muscle Tissues:
Skeletal Muscles, heart,
smooth muscle
Nervous Tissues:
Brain, spinal cord, nerves
Epithelial Tissue
Epithelial tissue – covers the surfaces of the
body, inside (as lining and /or covering of
internal organs) and outside (as layer of
skin)
Epithelial Tissue
Epithelial Tissue Locations:
Covers the body
Lines the cavities, tubes, ducts and blood
vessels inside the body
Covers the organs inside body cavities
Epithelial Tissue Functions:
Protection from physical & chemical injury,
Protection against microbial invasion,
Contains receptors which respond to
stimuli,
Filters, secretes & reabsorbs materials and
Secretes serous fluids to lubricate
structures.
Classification of epithelial tissues:
According
“simple” - one cell layer
“stratified” – more than one layer of cells
(which are named according to the shape of
the cells in the apical layer)
According
to thickness
to shape
“squamous” – wider than tall
“cuboidal” – as tall as wide
“columnar” - taller than wide
Types of Epithelial Tissue:
Main function : to protect
Types of Epithelial Tissue:
Main function: where
diffusion is important
Main function: where
tissues are involved
in secretion and
absorption: larger
cells because of the
machinery of
production,
packaging, and
energy requirements
Epithelial Tissue Classification Chart:
Connective Tissue:
Connective tissue – connects all parts of
the body and provides support (for
example tendons, ligaments, cartilage).
Connective Tissue
Connective
Most abundant & widely distributed tissue
Connective
Tissue:
Tissue Functions:
Connects, binds and supports structures,
• Tendons, ligaments, etc.
Protects & cushions organs and tissues,
Insulates (fat) and
Transports substances (blood).
Connective Tissue Types:
• Adipose
Stores energy (fat)
Insulates
Supports & protects organs
• Bone
Supports & protects
Mineral storage
Fat storage
Blood cell production
• Hyalaine cartilage
Supports while providing flexibility
Absorbs compression between bones
in joints (articular cartilage)
Holds open respiratory passages
Most abundant type of cartilage in body
Muscle Tissue
Muscle Tissue:
Associated with the bones of the skeleton, the heart
and in the walls of the hollow organs of the body.
Muscle Tissue Functions:
Movement
Locomotion
Maintains posture
Produces heat
Facial expressions
Pumps blood
Peristalsis
Three types of muscle tissue
tissue – (cardiac, smooth, skeletal)
contract and shorten, making body parts move
Skeletal
Muscle
Cardiac
Smooth
Nervous Tissue:
Nerve tissue – carries impulses back and
forth to the brain from the body
Nervous Tissue
Nervous
Tissue:
Main component of the nervous system,
ie., brain, spinal cord & nerves.
Nervous
Tissue Functions:
Regulates & controls body functions
Generates & transmits nerve impulses
Supports, insulates and protects impulse
generating neurons.
Organs
A group of two or more different
types of tissue that work together to
perform a specific function.
The task is generally more complex
than that of the tissue.
For example, the heart is made of
muscle and connective tissues
which functions to pump blood
throughout the body.
Systems
A group of two or more organs that work
together to perform a specific function.
Each organ system has its own function but
the systems work together and depend on
one another.
There are eleven different organ systems in
the human body: circulatory, digestive,
endocrine, excretory (urinary), immune,
integumentary, muscular, nervous,
reproductive, respiratory, and skeletal.
Concept map example of Organization of Life: