Transcript (brain and spinal cord) are called sensory neurons

Nervous and Endocrine Systems
Review
7R
1. What is the function of
the nervous & endocrine
systems?
Regulation
To control and coordinate all
body processes by sending
messages.
2. A muscle or gland which responds to a message carried
to it by motor neurons is called a(n) _______.
effector
3. A change in the surroundings or the environment that
triggers a nerve impulse is called a(n) stimulus
_____.
4. The electrochemical message that travels through the
impulse
nervous system is known as the _________.
5. A change in the external environment that initiates
stimulus
(starts) an impulse is called a _______.
6. Nerve cells are called __________.
neurons
7. You are walking outside and it starts the rain.
You open up your umbrella.
a. What is the stimulus in this example?
The rain
b. What receptor was used?
Eyes, skin
c. What was the response?
Opening up the umbrella
d. What effector was used?
Muscles in the hand and arms
8. A structure that detects
stimuli is a
a) effector
b) synapse
c) receptor
d) muscle
9. Label the diagram of the neuron below.
E
nucleus
F Cell body
A
dendrites
B
axon
C
Schwann
cells
D
Terminal
branches
Neuron Structure
cells which aids
10. Most axons are covered with Myelin/Schwann
___________
impulse transmission by improving electrical insulation.
11. ___________
receive the impulse from the previous
Dendrites
neuron.
12. The longest part of a neuron is the ______.
axon
13. The ____________
contains the nucleus and other cell
cell body
organelles.
14. The part of the neuron that produces and releases
terminal branches
neurotransmitters are the ____________.
15. The space between each neuron is called a
synapse
________________.
16. The diagram below represents the end of
the one neuron and the beginning of the next.
a. Which letter
represents the
neurotransmitters?
B
A
B
b. Which letter
represents the
synapse?
A
17. Synapses are located directly
between
(1.) dendrites and axons
(2.) cytons and axons
(3.) terminal branches and
dendrites
(4.) axons and terminal
branches
18. How does an impulse travel
from one neuron to the next?
Neurotransmitters are released
into the synapse and carry the
impulse across.
19. Sensory neurons transmit impulses from
receptors to the ____________________.
the _________
Brain & spinal cord
20. Interneurons carry impulses from the
_____________
sensory
neurons to ____________.
motor neurons
21. Motor neurons carry impulses from the
Brain and spinal cord
effectors
______________________
to ___________.
22. Neurons that carry
messages toward the CNS
(brain and spinal cord) are
called
sensory neurons
23. In a simple spinal reflex, the
pathway for an impulse is along a
sensory neuron directly to a motor
neuron through
(1.) a receptor
(2.) an interneuron
(3.) an effector
(4.) the brain
24. Sensory neurons transmit messages
a) from the central nervous system to a
muscle a gland
b) from the brain to the spinal cord
c) from the environment to the spinal
cord or brain
d) within the brain
e) All of the above are true.
25. Label the 3 types of neurons below.
motor
neuron
B
Receptor
C
A
sensory
neuron
interneuron
26. Why are reflexes much
faster than a normal
response?
The impulse only travels to the spinal
cord, not the brain.
27. What controls reflexes?
Spinal cord
28. Identify the path an impulse takes in the body
(reflex arc).
• Receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron,
motor neuron, effector
29. Label the parts of the reflex arc below.
RECEPTOR
SENSORY NEURON
B
stimulus
C
A
INTERNEURON D
EFFECTOR
F
response
G
E
MOTOR
NEURON
30. What does this picture
represent?
Central Nervous System
31. The central nervous system is made up of
the brain and spinal cord. What type of
neuron is the central nervous system composed
of? interneurons
peripheral
32. The ________________
nervous system is
composed of all nerves branching off from
the spinal cord. These nerves are composed
Sensory
of _____________
neurons and
______________
neurons.
Motor
33. What structures make up
your central nervous system?
Brain and Spinal Cord
34. Identify the parts of the brain labeled in the diagram.
cerebrum
medulla
cerebellum
spinal cord
35. Identify the part of the brain being describe.
a. What structure controls reasoning, memory,
emotions, and habits? cerebrum
b. What controls involuntary actions? medulla
c. What controls and coordinates and balance?
cerebellum
d. Loss of memory as a result of an accident would
indicate damage to which part? cerebrum
e. What controls activities such as breathing and
heart rate? medulla
36. According to this diagram, a
gland secretes a chemical. What
is the name of this chemical?
Hormone
37. The organs and tissues that
the chemical is transported to
by the blood is made up of
what kind of cells?
Target cells
38. An important method of
communication between cells
is shown in the diagram. What
is the chemical referred to in
the diagram?
1. a hormone important in
maintaining homeostasis
2. an enzyme detected by a cell
membrane receptor
3. DNA necessary for regulating
cell functions
4. a food molecule taken in by an
organism
39. Explain why cell C is the
target cell for the hormone
in the diagram.
Cell C has receptors
that fit perfectly with
the hormone.
40. If a human system fails to function
properly, what is the most likely result?
1. a stable rate of metabolism
2. a disturbance in homeostasis
3. a change in the method of cellular
respiration
4. a change in the function of DNA
41. Identify all glands labeled in the diagram.
Pituitary gland
Parathyroid gland
Thyroid gland
Adrenal glands
Islets of Langerhans
Ovaries
42. A hormone that increases the rate and
strength of heart contractions during times of
sudden stress is secreted by which structure?
What is the name of this hormone?
Adrenal glands
Adrenaline
43. Hormones that regulate other glands such
as the ovaries are secreted by which
structure?
Pituitary gland
44. What is the name of structure F?
parathyroid
45. What does the hormone secreted by
structure B control?
metabolism
46. What structure secretes the
hormone that controls growth
A – pituitary gland
47. What structure regulates calcium
metabolism?
F - Parathyroid
48. Which structure regulates blood
glucose levels? What is the name of
those hormones?
C - Pancreas
Insulin
Glucagon
49. What HORMONE causes blood sugar level
to decrease? What GLAND produces this
hormone?
Insulin
Islets of Langerhans on
the pancreas
50. What part of the brain controls the pituitary
gland?
Hypothalamus
51. What hormones produced by the ovaries
stimulate the production of female secondary
sex characteristics? Estrogen
52. Which HORMONE helps to stimulate the
development of secondary sex characteristics in the male?
Testosterone
53. Why is the pituitary glands called the “master gland?”
It regulates other glands in the body.
54. Increased perspiration, a higher body
temperature, and a rapidly beating heart are all
possible responses to a stressful situation.
These body responses are most likely a direct
result of the interaction of the
1. digestive and endocrine systems
2. digestive and respiratory systems
3. nervous and endocrine systems
4. nervous and reproductive systems
55. Which statement describes a feedback mechanism
involving the human pancreas?
1. The production of estrogen stimulates the formation
of gametes for sexual reproduction.
2. The level of oxygen in the blood is related to heart
rate.
3. The level of sugar in the blood is affected by the
amount of insulin in the blood.
4. The production of urine allows for excretion of cell
waste.
56. Hormones and secretions of the nervous
system are chemical messengers that
1. store genetic information
2. carry out the circulation of materials
3. extract energy from nutrients
4. control and coordinate system
interactions
57. This diagram best illustrates
a. recombination
b. feedback
c. insertion
d. deletion
58. What is the function of this process?
Maintain homeostasis.
Regulate hormone levels in the blood.