Transcript The Nervous System

By Caroline Turner
 To
establish communication throughout the body
 To initiate motion by sending signals throughout the
body by means of neurons
 receive
and transmit information to and from
nerve centers
 initiates a response
 2 types of neurons
carry impulses from the brain
to muscles and glands
send messages to the brain
through the spinal cord
Nervous System
Central Nervous
System
brain
Spinal cord
Peripheral
Nervous System
Somatic System
Sympathetic
System
Autonomic
System
Parasympathetic
- Collects and interprets all
nerve impulses
- Consists of the brain
and spinal cord.
 Contains
all the nerves not connected to the
brain or spinal cord
 Connects these nerves to the Central Nervous
System
 2 types: Somatic and Autonomic
-Controls voluntary motion such
as the skeletal and muscular
system
-Controls all involuntary
motion, such as internal
organs and glands
 Helps
the body to operate under stress
 Fight or flight
 Dilates pupils, speeds heart rate, releases
adrenaline, ect.
 Calms
the body back down after stress
 Pupils contract, heartbeat slows, ect.
Nervous System: Diseases and
Disorders
Jill Heyman
Alzheimer’s Disease
Slowly progressive
Destroys neurons & the brain’s communication paths
Dementias is the most common form
Several characteristic abnormal structures which cause
malfunction or death to cells
3 stages- mild, moderate, severe
Epilepsy
Type with causes unknown- Idiopathic
Type with know causes (ex: head injury)- Symptomatic
Type with causes suspected but not found- Crytogenic
Causes seizures, affects memory, affects attention span
Meds cause drowsiness, and mood & behavior problems, but
controls seizures
Parkinson’s Disease
Slowly progressive
Affects nerve cells (Basal Ganglia & Substantia Nigra) which
produce Dopamine (chemical messenger controlling body
movements)
Bradykinesia- slow movement, decreased blinking, drooling,
lack of facial expressions
Tremor-involuntary shaking
Rigidity
Postural Instability- sense of imbalance, tendency to fall
Multiple Sclerosis
Occurs when damage to Myelin (fat protecting
the spinal cord)
Demyelination-destruction which can occur anywhere
in the central nervous system
Affects walking, vision
Causes memory loss, mood swings, learning problems
Spina Bifida
Most common neural tube birth defect
1/1000 babies’ neural tubes don’t close properly
Most severe type- Myelomeningocele
Mild/hidden type- Occulta
Rarest type- Meningocele
Most serious type-Myelomeningocele or Open
Surgery is sometimes need to prevent babies from dangerous
infections
Prevention & Treatment Tips for
Alzheimer’s Disease
Prevention
*Currently there is no way to prevent this
disease
Treatment
*Drugs to create emotion and better mind
processing
*Nursing homes for constant care
Prevention and Treatment Tips
for Epilepsy
Prevention
*Currently there is no way to prevent this
disease
*Avoid situations in which head trauma could
occur
Treatment
*Medication to control seizures
* Changes in lifestyle and diet
*Surgery- nerve stimulation
Prevention & Treatment Tips for
Parkinson’s Disease
Prevention
*Currently there is no way to prevent this disease
Treatment
*Meds to replace dopamine in the brain, make a steady
supply of levadopa in the blood, stop the destruction of
dopamine, reduce acetylcholine activity, and block the
excessive action of glutamate
*Surgery
-Pallidotomy, Thalamotomy, Deep Brain Stimulation
Prevention & Treatment Tips for
Multiple Sclerosis
Prevention
*Currently there is no way to prevent this disease
Treatment
*Medication for severe symptoms
*Assistance
-devices- canes, walkers, wheel chairs and electric
scooters
*Physical therapy
Prevention & Treatment Tips for
Spina Bifida
Prevention
*Take folic acid vitamins for a few months before
getting pregnant & during pregnancy
-folic acid= a B vitamin found in broccoli,
spinach , orange juice, and certain pastas, breads &
cereals
Especially important during the 1st 3 months of
pregnancy, when neural tube is forming and closing
Treatment
*Regular physical therapy
*Surgery to remove a sac poking out of the back
through a hole, or out of a baby’s head
Nervous system
sudden illness
emergency/first aid
Mary Hidrej
Concussion
A
concussion is a brain injury that may result
in a bad headache.
 A concussion results from a significant blow
to the head.
 Symptoms can range from mild to severe.
Severed spinal cord
 Spinal
cord injury occurs when the spinal
cord is damaged in a way that results in some
loss of sensation and motor control.
Who gets spinal cord injuries?
 Approximately,
10,000 people injure their spinal cord in the
United States each year
Spinal cord injuries can happen to anyone, at any age
Stroke
 The
symptoms of stroke depend on what part
of the brain is damaged. In some cases, a
person may not even be aware that he or she
has had a stroke
Help prevent a stroke
 Avoid
fatty foods. Follow a healthy, low-fat
diet.
 Do not drink more than 1 to 2 alcoholic
drinks a day.
 Exercise regularly: 30 minutes a day if you
are not overweight; 60 - 90 minutes a day if
you are overweight
Stroke risks

High blood pressure is the number one risk factor for
strokes. The following also increase your risk for
stroke:

Diabetes
Family history of stroke
Heart disease
High cholesterol
Increasing age




Cases of concussion
There are more than a million cases of
concussion each year in the United States.
A concussion may result when the head hits
an object or a moving object strikes the head
Causes of Spinal Cord
 Damage
to the spinal cord is usually caused
by one of five different types of injuries.
Concussion of the spinal cord occurs when a
sudden, violent jolt injures the tissues
around the cord. This injury is usually
temporary and goes away with in a few hours
Ischemic Stroke
 Ischemic
stroke occurs when a blood vessel
that supplies blood to the brain is blocked by
a blood clot. This may happen in two ways:
A
clot may form in an artery that is already
very narrow. This is called a thrombus. If it
completely blocks the artery, it is called a
thrombotic stroke