12` Nervous System
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Transcript 12` Nervous System
Chapter 6
Nervous System
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Exceptionally well-organized system
Responsible for coordinating all the many
activates performed, both inside and outside,
of the body
NERVES
Fine fibers all over every square inch of the
body
100 billion nerve cells
Neurons
NEUROLOGY
Scientific of the structure, function and
pathology of the nervous system
Understanding how nerves work
Proficient
manner in administering massages or
shampoos
Understand the effects treatments have on the
body as a whole
DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Central
Controls
consciousness and many mental activities
Voluntary functions of the five (5) senses
Voluntary muscle action
Including all body movements
Facial expressions
Consists of:
Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves themselves
Peripheral
Carry
impulses, or messages, to and from the
central nervous system
Connects outer parts of the body to the central
nervous system
Sensory and motor nerve
Autonomic
Controls
involuntary muscles
Regulates action of smooth (non-striated) muscles,
glands, blood vessels, and heart
THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CHORD
Brain
Largest
and most complex nerve tissue in the body
Weighs less than 3 lbs.
Controls:
sensation, muscles, activity of glands
And
the power to :
think,
12
sense, and feel
pairs of cranial nerves
Spinal Chord
Portion
of the Central Nervous System originates in
the brain & extends down the trunk
Protected by the spinal column
31 pairs of spinal nerves
NERVE CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Neuron – nerve cell
Dendrites – tree-like branches of nerve fibers
extending from the nerve cell that receive
impulses from other neurons
Axon – axon terminal – send impulses away
from the cell body to other neurons, glands, or
muscles
Nerves
Whitish
cords
Made of bundles of nerve fibers
Held together by connective tissue
Impulses transmitted through the tissue
TYPES OF NERVES
Sensory (afferent) nerves
Carry
impulses /messages from the sense organs
to the brain
Nerve endings called - receptors
Motor nerves
Carry
impulses from the brain to the muscles
Reflex
Automatic
response/reaction to a stimulus causing
a reaction
Involves movement of an impulse from a sensory
receptor along the sensory nerved to the spinal
cord
Responsive impulse sent along a motor neuron to a
muscle
NERVES OF THE HEAD, FACE AND NECK
Fifth Cranial Nerve
Trifacial
Trigeminal
Chief
sensory nerve of the face
Largest cranial nerve
Auriculotemporal nerve – external ear and skin
above temple, up to the top of the skull
Infraorbital Nerve – skin of the lower eyelid,
side of nose, upper lip, and mouth
Infratrochlear Nerve – affects the membrane
and skin of the nose –
inside
corners of the eye
Mental Nerve – skin of lower lip and chin
Nasal Nerve – point of the lower side of the
nose
Zygomatic Nerve – muscles of the upper cheek
Seventh Cranial Nerve – Chief Motor Nerve of
the face
Posterior Auricular Nerve – muscles behind the
ear at base of skull
Temporal nerve – muscle of the temple, side of
the forehead, eyebrow eyelid, upper part of
cheek
Buccal Nerve – muscle of the mouth
Cervical nerve – side of neck and the platysma
Originate
in the spinal cord
Branches supply muscles of the scalp at the back
of the head and neck
Greater Occipital Nerve – back of head, affects
the scalp up to the top of the head
Smaller Occipital Nerve – base of skull, affect
scalp and muscle behind the ear
Greater Auricular Nerve – side of neck, affects
the face, ears, neck and parotid gland
Cervical Cutaneous Nerve – side of neck,
affects the front and sides of neck as far down
as the breastbone
NERVES OF THE ARM AND HAND
Digital nerve – fingers
Radial Nerve – thumb side of arm and back of
hand
Median Nerve – supplies arm & hand
Ulnar Nerve – little finger side of arm and palm
of hand
NERVES OF THE LOWER LEG AND FOOT
Tibial Nerve –
Division
of the sciatic nerve
Passes behind the knee
Muscles of the calf
Skin of leg
Sole, heel and underside of toes
Sural nerve – outer side and back of the foot
and leg
Dorsal Nerve – skin on top of the foot