Transcript Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
BY KARLA DEHARO
CRISTAL MARTINEZ
MAXIMILIANO NINO
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
 Brain and spinal cord
 Send/receive information along with PNS
CNS CHARACTERISTICS
 Encased in bone, surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid
 Brain receives/sends information
 Encased in cranium
 Spinal cord made up of spinal nerves
 nerve impulses & spinal reflexes
 Encased in vertebra
TYPES OF TISSUE IN CNS
 White matter
 Myelinated nerve fibers & nerve tracts
 Gray matter
 Interneurons that pass information to skeletal muscle
PNS CHARACTERISTICS
 Sensory and somatic nervous cells
 Sends and receives information from CNS
 Consists of the nerves and ganglia outside the brain and
spinal cord
Autonomic Nervous System
 Part of the PNS
 Located in medulla oblangata
 Control visceral functions
 Three parts
 Parasympathetic NS
 Sympathetic NS
 Intrinsic NS
SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
 Motor and sensory information
 Voluntary control of body movement
 Skeletal muscle
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
CONTINUED…
 Involuntary body functions
 Sympathetic & parasympathetic systems
Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic
Sympathetic
(thoracolumbar Division)
Parasympathetic
(Craniosacral Division)
 Prepares the body for
 More active under
energy-expending,
stressful, or emergency
situations.
 Increases Heart and
Breathing Rates
 Responsible for vasomotor
tone
ordinary and restful
situations
 Restores the body to
resting state
Sympathetic Vs. Parasympathetic
(Organs)
Sympathetic
 Eyes
 Heart
 Lungs
 Blood Vessels
 Sweat Glands
 Digestive Tract
 Kidney
Parasympathetic
 Cardiac Muscle (Frequency
of contraction)
 Digestive System (Salivary
Glands)
 Respiratory System: (Blood
Vessels, Lymphatic Vessels,
and Nerves)
Sympathetic
Preganglionic fibers
 Secrete acetylcholine (adrenergic)
 Originate from neurons within the lateral horn of spinal cord
 What is Ganglia?:
Sympathetic chain ganglia:(Paravertebral ganglia or Lateral
Ganglia) lies on both sides of the vertebral column
Collateral ganglia: (Prevertebral ganglia) anterior to vertebral
column
Sympathetic Continued….
Postganglionic Fibers
 Extend sympathetic ganglia to visceral
Postganglionic Axons
What is Rami?
 Rami: (Ramus)
 Def: A branch, as of nerve,
vein, artery
Symapthetic Division (consists
2)
 White Rami:(preganglionic)
nerve branch between
symapthetic ganglion and
spinal nerve
 Gray Rami: (postganglionic)
connects sympathetic trunk
and consists postganglionic
fibers
Parasympathetic
 Includes Parasympathetic Fibers
Pregangolic Fibers (Long)
 Secrete acetylcholine (cholinergic)
 Arise from Neurons
 Terminal Ganglia
Parasympathetic Continued….
Postgangolic Fibers (Short)
 Continue from ganglia to specific muscles or glands
 Unmyelinated
 Neurotransmitters combine receptors
Neurotransmitters / Receptors
(Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic)
 Sympathetic:
 Norepinephrine :travels across
the synaptic cleft
 Adrenergic (receptor)
 Alpha 1&2
 Beta 1&2
 Epinephrine: stimulates
Parasympathetic:
 Acetylcholine (ACh) :
 Cholinergic (receptor)
 Nicotinic
 Muscarinic
REFLEX ARCS
 Pathways for impulses
 Autonomic Nervous System operates through reflex arcs.
 Visceral Sensory System.
 Gives sensory input to ANS.
 Visceral sensory neurons.
 monitor temperature, pain, irritation, chemical changes, and stretch in
the visceral organs.
VISCERAL REFLEX ARCS
 Visceral sensory and
Autonomic neurons
 spinal reflexes.
 Some involve peripheral
neurons: spinal cord not
involved.
 adjust the activity of a
visceral effector, often
unconsciously.
Termination
 Terminating actions of autonomic neurotransmitters
 Acetylcholinesterase (parasympathetic)
 Norepinephrine (Sympathetic)
● Enzyme monoamine oxidase inactivates noreoinephrine
WORKS CITED
 "What Is the Autonomic Nervous System?" About.com

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
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Psychology.
N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Mar. 2014.
<http://psychology.about.com/od/aindex/g/autonomic-nervoussystem.htm>
"Peripheral Nervous System Anatomy ." Peripheral Nervous
System
Anatomy. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Mar. 2014.
<http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1948687-overview>
THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM. O.W. Henson, Jr., Ph.D., n.d. Web. 16
Mar. 2014.
<http://www.csus.edu/indiv/l/lancasterw/bio122/supple
mentary%20materials/autonomic%20synopsis.htm>.
Hole, John W., Jr. Hole's Human Anatomy & Physiology. 11th ed. New York:
McGraw Hill, 2007. Print.
Inkling.com. N.p., 2009. Web. 13 Mar. 2014.
<https://www.inkling.com/read/medical-sciences-naish- revestsyndercombe-1st/chapter-4/neurotransmitters-and- receptors>.