Transcript Special Senses

BI 201 Human Anatomy & Physiology
The Senses: Classification of receptors
Receptors generally sensitive to
a specific type of stimuli
Types:
______________
Respond to physical deformation
______________
Respond to chemicals
______________
Respond to heat and cold
______________
Respond to tissue damage
______________
Respond to light
BI 201 Human Anatomy & Physiology
The General Senses: __________ __________
_____________ nerve
endings:
* _____ ______ ______
include warm receptors, cold
receptors and nociceptors
* ________ ________
flattened nerve endings for
light touch and pressure
* _______ ________ with dendrites
wrapped around base of hair follicles
respond to light touch
BI 201 Human Anatomy & Physiology
The General Senses: Cutaneous sensation
__________ nerve endings:
* _________ _________
deep pressure
* _______ _______ 2-point
discrimination and light
touch
* _______ _______ heavy
continuous touch
* _______ ______ stretch of muscle
* _____ _______ ____ heavy/excessive tendon tension
BI 201 Human Anatomy & Physiology
The General Senses: Pain
Nociceptors found in most all tissues except the brain!
_____ _____ 12-30m/sec sharp, stabbing, short duration
_____ _____ .5-2m/sec dull ache, throbbing long duration
_____ _____ arises from skin, connective tissue, muscles
Superficial
Deep
_____ _____ arises from internal organs and is due to
_____ (stretch), ______ ________ and _________.
Causes feelings of poorly localized pain and nausea.
BI 201 Human Anatomy & Physiology
The Senses: Pain
Referred pain:
interpreted as coming
from a source other than
actual source
Sensory neurons from
viscera and skin share
interneurons and brain
interprets as coming
from skin
Ex. Myocardial infarction (MI) is often felt as pain
radiating down left arm. Important reference for diagnosing
internal organ dysfunction.
BI 201 Human Anatomy & Physiology
The Senses: Pain
Pain pathways:
1st order neurons (nociceptors)
2nd order neurons (projection)
3rd order neurons
Anesthesia and pain control:
Local anesthesia – (ex. novacaine) decreased Na+
permeability
General anesthesia – (ex. Ether, Nitrous oxide) cross bloodbrain barrier, make plasma membrane more permeable to K+
Neuromodulators – (ex. Morphine, endorphins) affect
synaptic properties of pain neurons
BI 201 Human Anatomy & Physiology
The Special Senses: Olfaction (
)
Olfaction occurs _____
___________________
_________ on patch of
specialized _________.
Axons ascend through
______ ______ (in w/c
bone?) to _________
_______.
Can detect ~_____
distinct smells, derived 1) __________
3) __________
from a number of
“primary odors” 7-50 5) __________
7) __________
2) __________
4) __________
6) __________
BI 201 Human Anatomy & Physiology
The Special Senses: Olfaction (
Olfactory neurons
___________________
__________________.
Like taste must be ___
_____________.
Epithelium and neurons
are replaced ~ ______.
This is unusual for
neurons.
)
BI 201 Human Anatomy & Physiology
The Special Senses: Gustation (
Oral
chemoreceptors that
detect chemicals
which are __
________ (saliva)
are ____ _____.
)
Taste buds are
comprised of
specialized
________ ____ that Associated mainly with ________.
synapse with
Also on lips etc.
_______.
BI 201 Human Anatomy & Physiology
The Senses: Gustation (
)
Types of papillae:
___________
___________
___________
___________
(most numerous
but NO taste buds
here.
Foliate papillae
BI 201 Human Anatomy & Physiology
The Senses: Gustation (taste)
Taste buds can detect
_____ basic tastes:
________
________
________
________
________
Taste buds are
“specialized” to be more
sensitive to specific taste.
Taste map
BI 201 Human Anatomy & Physiology
The Senses: Gustation (taste)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)