Transcript Document
Agenda – Wednesday, February 4th Collect Brain + Car homework Neurotransmission review and notes Homework: NONE Quizzes #3 and #4 Quiz #4 2nd hour Mean: 11.45/16 7th hour Mean: 10.63/16 Biology of the Mind Starting Small Find your partner (person with the matching term/definition) Three tasks ASK: What part of the biology unit are you MOST overwhelmed by? Take out your Biology quiz and reading guide. With your partner, determine WHY you missed each question Using the blank diagram, try your best (WITHOUT NOTES) to label the neuron Types of Cells Neurons Individual nerve cells Generate and conduct electrical impulses movement, behavior, pain, pleasure, memories, etc. Glial Cells Thoughts, “Housekeeper” cells Hold neurons in place Transport oxygen and nutrients to neurons Remove and destroy dead neurons Types of Neurons Afferent Neurons (Sensory) Transfer information from sensory receptors to the brain (A for ARRIVAL) Efferent Neurons (Motor) Transfer information from the brain to rest of body (E for EXIT) Interneurons Internal communication within the Central Nervous System (I for INTERNAL) The Neuron Neurotransmission Resting Potential: Each neuron sits/rests at a -70 charge, which is the only time the neuron is capable of firing an action potential Threshold: The amount of neurotransmitters that need to be received to trigger an action potential Action Potential: A brief electrical charge that travels through a neuron allowing a neurotransmitter to exit the neuron and enter another Agenda – Thursday, February Finish neurotransmission notes Begin neurotransmitters (if time) Homework: Bio + S&P Exam TUESDAY th 5 Neurotransmission All-or-none potential: A neuron either fires or it doesn’t (no in-between) Like a gun Depolarization: A message from another neuron causes the inside of the neuron to become positive (+) Selective Permeability: The membrane letting in/shutting out certain ions Neurotransmission Repolarization: Occurs right after the action potential as potassium moves out of the inside of the cell restoring the inside back to a negative charge Refractory period: A brief period that the neuron cannot fire until -70 charge is restored Neural Firing The Magic School Bus There is a bus full of unhappy children on their way to Normal Community High school. They’re feeling sad because the world outside looks so happy, the sun is shining, the birds are chirping, etc. At a certain point, the driver makes a stop and picks up a kid by opening the bus door. The wonderful air whooshes in, and if enough kids go from sad to happy, then they start getting rambunctious. Having now, wasted their energy, there’s a short time before they can start it up again. Parts of a Neuron Soma Nucleus Dendrite Axon Myelin Sheath Neuronal Firing Resting Potential Threshold All-or-Nothing Depolarization Selective Permeability Repolarization Refractory Period http://science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih2/ addiction/activities/lesson2_neurotransmission.htm Agenda – Thursday, February Neurotransmitter Review Handout Discussion If time: work on “Brain Game” review Homework: EXAM #2 TOMORROW!!! th 13 Neurotransmitters Purpose: Chemicals that transmit signals from neurons through the process of neurotransmission Provide meaning and use to our brain structures Neurotransmitters GABA Norepinephrine Glutamate Serotonin: Regulates mood, sleep, eating, arousal, and pain Low levels contribute to depression and suicidal tendencies Dopamine Acetylcholine Neurotransmitters Dopamine Serotonin Normal Function: Attention; Emotion (Pleasure); voluntary movement Acetylcholine Problems with Imbalance: GABA Glutamine Too much: Schizophrenia, Too little: Parkinson’s Substances that Affect: Endorphins Cocaine, amphetamines, Ritalin, alcohol 19 Neurotransmitters Normal Function: Dopamine Serotonin Mood, Hunger, Sleep, & Arousal Acetylcholine Problems with Imbalance: GABA Glutamine Lack associated with Depression, certain anxiety disorders (OCD) Substances that Affect: Endorphins Prozac, hallucinogenics (e.g.22LSD) Neurotransmitters Dopamine Normal Function: Serotonin Muscle Action, Learning & Memory Acetylcholine GABA Problems with Imbalance: Certain muscular disorders, Alzheimer’s disease Glutamine Substances that Affect: Endorphins 24 Curare (Antagonist: Blocks NT) Neurotransmitters Dopamine Normal Function: Serotonin Most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in neurons of CNS Acetylcholine Problems with Imbalance: GABA Lack of leads to Seizures & Tremors Glutamine Substances that Affect: Endorphins Tranquilizers (e.g. Valium, Librium), alcohol 25 Neurotransmitters Dopamine Serotonin Acetylcholine GABA Glutamine Endorphins Normal Function: Primary excitatory neurotransmitter in CNS; involved in learning and memory Problems with Imbalance: Too much overstimulates brain: Migranes & Seizures Substances that Affect: PCP (“angel dust”), MSG 26 Neurotransmitters Dopamine Normal Function: Serotonin Pleasure (Addiction) and control of pain Acetylcholine Problems with Imbalance: GABA Lack of leads to heightened sensation of pain Glutamine Endorphins Substances that Affect: Opiates: opium, heroin, morphine, methadone (Agonists: Mimic) 27 http://www.thirteen.org/closetohome/animation/co ca-anim.html