Transcript Information Processing in Motor Learning

Information Processing
in Motor Learning
Chapter 17
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Outline

Structure and function of
the nervous system

Information processing
and making decisions

Feedback in movement
control

Factors affecting
information processing
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Structure and Function of the
Nervous System
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CNS
Control center
PNS
Connects CNS
with the rest of
the body
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The Neuron and Its Function
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Neuron

Nerve cell

The fundamental functional and structural unit
of the nervous system

Allows information to travel throughout the
body to various destinations
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Receptive
Segment
Cell Body
Dendrites:
receive message
Myelin sheath
Conductive
Segment
Axon:
Nodes of
Ranvier
Transmissive
Segment
transmits
message to
terminal
ending
Terminal ending on muscle:
sends off message to adjacent neuron
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Motor end plate
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Myelin sheath:
fatty covering or
insulator
Skipping of the impulse
allowing faster
conduction
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Types of Neurons
Afferent neurons
Sensory
Carry signals to the
brain
Interneurons
Originate and terminate
in CNS
Connect afferents and
efferents in CNS
CNS tissue cross-section
Efferent neurons
Motor
Carry signals from the
brain
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Types of Neurons cont.
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The Neuron’s Function
Receptive

Receptive segment (dendrites)
– Receives continuous synaptic input
(chemical) from other neurons

Conductive segment (axon)
– Conduction of neural information in
the form of nerve impulse (electrical)
Conductive

Transmissive segment (axon
terminals)
– Converts electrical nerve impulse to
chemical form (neurotransmitter)
and sends it off to synapse
Transmissive
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Neural Impulses



Transport the information necessary for all activities
we carry out
The language of the nervous system
Relay of impulse within neuron:
Rest:
polarization
Membrane potential =
-70 mV
Stimulus:
depolarization
Rest:
polarization
(mV)
+50
Action Potential
+40 mV
0
-50
Resting Potential
-100
Stimulus
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The Synapse and Synaptic Transmission
SYNAPSE
SYNAPTIC
TRANSMISSION
OO O
O O O
. : :.. …. ……
…..:: : .
: .:.;. . .
O O
O
O
•Differ in terms of :
•Neurotransmitter used
(e.g., acetylcholine or Ach)
•General function (e.g.,
inhibitory vs.excitatory)
NEUROTRANSMITTER
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The Synapse and Synaptic Transmission

“All-or-none” law
– Synaptic transmission causes action potential when
its strength is above a minimum threshold level
– Below threshold level = NO action potential
– Action potential is always the same intensity
regardless of the strength of synaptic transmission
above the threshold level
– Action potential intensity remains constant along
the nerve fibre
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STIMULUS
Indication of Strength of stimulus
Refractory Period
Absolute
Relative
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