Transcript Step Up To: Psychology - Grand Haven Area Public Schools

Step Up To: Psychology
by John J. Schulte, Psy.D.
From Myers,
Psychology 8e
Worth Publishers
Chapter 2: Neuroscience and
Behavior
That Smarts!
It’s all in your head
The Systems
You’re on, Neuron
Potpourri
You’re on, Neuron
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100
It’s all in your head
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200
100
That Smarts!
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The Systems
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400
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200
100
Potpourri
500
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300
200
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1. The function of dendrites is to:
A) receive incoming signals from other
neurons.
B) release neurotransmitters into the spatial
junctions between neurons.
C) coordinate the activation of the
parasympathetic and sympathetic
nervous systems.
D) control pain through the release of
opiate-like chemicals into the brain.
2. The longest part of a motor
neuron is likely to be the:
A) dendrite.
B) axon.
C) cell body.
D) synapse.
3. A brief electrical charge that travels
down the axon of a neuron is called the:
A) synapse.
B) agonist.
C) action potential.
D) myelin sheath.
4. José has just played a long, bruising
football game but feels little fatigue or
discomfort. His lack of pain is most
likely caused by the release of:
A) glutamate.
B) dopamine.
C) acetylcholine.
D) endorphins.
5. The reuptake of a neurotransmitter
such as serotonin would involve the
reabsorption of serotonin into a(n):
A) axon terminal.
B) receiving neuron.
C) myelin sheath.
D) glial cell.
6. The reticular formation is located in
the:
A) brainstem.
B) limbic system.
C) somatosensory cortex.
D) motor cortex.
E) cerebellum.
7. Which brain structure receives
information from all the senses except
smell?
A) Hippocampus
B) Amygdala
C) angular gyrus
D) thalamus
8. The most extensive regions of the
brain, which enable learning and
memory, are called the:
A) reticular formation.
B) projection areas.
C) association areas.
D) temporal lobes.
9. To demonstrate that brain stimulation
can make a rat violently aggressive, a
neuroscientist should electrically
stimulate the rat's:
A) reticular formation.
B) amygdala.
C) medulla.
D) cerebellum.
10. After
Kato's serious motorcycle
accident, doctors detected damage
to his cerebellum. Kato is most
likely to have difficulty:
A) experiencing intense emotions.
B) reading a book.
C) understanding what others are
saying.
D) playing his guitar.
11. An impaired use of language is
known as:
A) tomography.
B) plasticity.
C) phrenology.
D) aphasia.
12. The benefits of brain plasticity
are most clearly demonstrated in:
A) children who have had a cerebral
hemisphere surgically removed.
B) individuals with Alzheimer's disease.
C) adults with aphasia.
D) elderly stroke patients.
E) people free of any disease or
brain damage.
13. After Miguel's recent automobile
accident, doctors detected damage to his
cerebral cortex in Broca's area. It is likely
that Miguel will have difficulty:
A) remembering past events.
B) speaking fluently.
C) reading.
D) understanding other people
when they speak.
14. After a sky-diving accident, Laurie was
unable to make sense of other people's
speech. It is likely that her cortex was
damaged in:
A) the sensory area.
B) Broca's area.
C) the angular gyrus.
D) Wernicke's area.
15. In a recent car accident, Tamiko sustained
damage to his right cerebral hemisphere. This
injury is most likely to reduce Tamiko's ability
to:
A) facially express emotions.
B) solve arithmetic problems.
C) understand simple verbal requests.
D) process information in an orderly
sequence.
16. In order for you to experience the pain
of a sprained ankle, ________ must first
relay messages from your ankle to your
central nervous system.
A) the limbic system
B) Interneurons
C) sensory neurons
D) motor neurons
E) the reticular formation
17. The somatic nervous system is a
component of the ________ nervous
system.
A) Peripheral
B) Autonomic
C) Central
D) Sympathetic
E) Parasympathetic
18. You come home one night to find a
burglar in your house. Your heart starts
racing and you begin to perspire. These
physical reactions are triggered by the:
A) somatic nervous system.
B) sympathetic nervous
system.
C) parasympathetic nervous
system.
D) limbic system.
19. The sequence of brain regions from
oldest to newest is:
A) limbic system; brainstem; cerebral cortex.
B) brainstem; cerebral cortex; limbic system.
C) limbic system; cerebral cortex; brainstem.
D) brainstem; limbic system; cerebral cortex.
E) cerebral cortex; brainstem; limbic system.
20. Which of the following is the
component of the limbic system that plays
an essential role in the formation of new
memories?
A) Hypothalamus
B) Thalamus
C) Hippocampus
D) Medulla
21. An amplified recording of the waves
of electrical activity that sweep across
the surface of the brain is called a (an):
A) brain lesion.
B) EEG.
C) PET scan.
D) MRI.
22. The
ovaries in females and the
testes in males are part of the:
A) limbic system.
B) endocrine system.
C) sympathetic nervous system.
D) reticular formation.
E) central nervous system.
23. If an individual's right cerebral
hemisphere is completely destroyed by
disease, that person is unable to see
anything:
A) with his or her right eye.
B) with his or her left eye.
C) in his or her right field of vision.
D) in his or her left field of vision.
24. The ability to simultaneously copy
different figures with the right and left
hand is most characteristic of those
whose ______ has been lesioned.
A) angular gyrus
B) reticular formation
C) corpus callosum
D) motor cortex
25. The person most likely to suggest
that the shape of a person's skull
indicates the extent to which that
individual is argumentative and
aggressive would be a:
A) neurologist.
B) behavior geneticist.
C) psychoanalyst.
D) phrenologist.
Stop here, or continue as a review
1. The function of dendrites is to:
A) receive incoming signals from other
neurons.
B) release neurotransmitters into the
spatial junctions between neurons.
C) coordinate the activation of the
parasympathetic and sympathetic
nervous systems.
D) control pain through the release of
opiate-like chemicals into the brain.
55
2. The longest part of a motor
neuron is likely to be the:
A) dendrite.
B) axon.
C) cell body.
D) synapse.
55
3. A brief electrical charge that
travels down the axon of a neuron
is called the:
A) synapse.
B) agonist.
C) action potential.
D) myelin sheath.
55
4. José has just played a long, bruising
football game but feels little fatigue or
discomfort. His lack of pain is most
likely caused by the release of:
A) glutamate.
B) dopamine.
C) acetylcholine.
D) endorphins.
59
5. The reuptake of a
neurotransmitter such as serotonin
would involve the reabsorption of
serotonin into a(n):
A) axon terminal.
B) receiving neuron.
C) myelin sheath.
D) glial cell.
57
6. The reticular formation is located
in the:
A) brainstem.
B) limbic system.
C) somatosensory cortex.
D) motor cortex.
E) cerebellum.
71
7. Which brain structure receives
information from all the senses
except smell?
A) Hippocampus
B) Amygdala
C) angular gyrus
D) thalamus
72
8. The most extensive regions of
the brain, which enable learning
and memory, are called the:
A) reticular formation.
B) projection areas.
C) association areas.
D) temporal lobes.
79
9. To demonstrate that brain stimulation
can make a rat violently aggressive, a
neuroscientist should electrically
stimulate the rat's:
A) reticular formation.
B) amygdala
C) medulla.
D) cerebellum.
72
10. After
Kato's serious motorcycle
accident, doctors detected damage
to his cerebellum. Kato is most
likely to have difficulty:
A) experiencing intense emotions.
B) reading a book.
C) understanding what others are
saying.
D) playing his guitar.
72
11. An impaired use of
language is known as:
A) tomography.
B) plasticity.
C) phrenology.
D) aphasia.
80
12. The benefits of brain
plasticity are most clearly
demonstrated in:
A) children who have had a cerebral
hemisphere surgically removed.
B) individuals with Alzheimer's disease.
C) adults with aphasia.
D) elderly stroke patients.
E) people free of any disease or
brain damage.
82
13. After Miguel's recent automobile
accident, doctors detected damage to
his cerebral cortex in Broca's area. It is
likely that Miguel will have difficulty:
A) remembering past events.
B) speaking fluently.
C) reading.
D) understanding other people
when they speak.
81
14. After a sky-diving accident, Laurie
was unable to make sense of other
people's speech. It is likely that her
cortex was damaged in:
A) the sensory area.
B) Broca's area.
C) the angular gyrus.
D) Wernicke's area.
81
15. In a recent car accident, Tamiko
sustained damage to his right cerebral
hemisphere. This injury is most likely to
reduce Tamiko's ability to:
A) facially express emotions.
B) solve arithmetic problems.
C) understand simple verbal requests.
D) process information in an orderly
sequence.
84
16. In order for you to experience the
pain of a sprained ankle, ________
must first relay messages from your
ankle to your central nervous system.
A) the limbic system
B) Interneurons
C) sensory neurons
D) motor neurons
E) the reticular formation
62
17. The somatic nervous system is
a component of the ________
nervous system.
A) Peripheral
B) Autonomic
C) Central
D) Sympathetic
E) Parasympathetic
62
18. You come home one night to find a
burglar in your house. Your heart starts
racing and you begin to perspire. These
physical reactions are triggered by the:
A) somatic nervous system.
B) sympathetic nervous system.
C) parasympathetic nervous
system.
D) limbic system.
62
19. The sequence of brain regions
from oldest to newest is:
A) limbic system; brainstem; cerebral cortex.
B) brainstem; cerebral cortex; limbic system.
C) limbic system; cerebral cortex; brainstem.
D) brainstem; limbic system; cerebral cortex.
E) cerebral cortex; brainstem; limbic system.
62
20. Which of the following is the
component of the limbic system that
plays an essential role in the formation
of new memories?
A) Hypothalamus
B) Thalamus
C) Hippocampus
D) Medulla
72
21. An amplified recording of the
waves of electrical activity that
sweep across the surface of the
brain is called a (an):
A) brain lesion.
B) EEG.
C) PET scan.
D) MRI.
68
22. The
ovaries in females and
the testes in males are part of
the:
A) limbic system.
B) endocrine system.
C) sympathetic nervous system.
D) reticular formation.
E) central nervous system.
65
23. If an individual's right cerebral
hemisphere is completely destroyed
by disease, that person is unable to
see anything:
A) with his or her right eye.
B) with his or her left eye.
C) in his or her right field of vision.
D) in his or her left field of vision.
84
24: The ability to simultaneously copy
different figures with the right and left
hand is most characteristic of those
whose ______ has been lesioned.
A) angular gyrus
B) reticular formation
C) corpus callosum
D) motor cortex
84
25. The person most likely to suggest that
the shape of a person's skull indicates the
extent to which that individual is
argumentative and aggressive would be a:
A) neurologist.
B) behavior geneticist.
C) psychoanalyst.
D) phrenologist.
53
Acknowledgements
• Step Up Created by:
– John J. Schulte, Psy.D.
• Based on Psychology,
Eighth Edition by
• David Myers
• Published by
• Worth Publishers, 2006
Answers
1.
A
9.
B
17.
A
2.
B
10.
D
18.
B
3.
C
11.
D
19.
D
4.
D
12.
A
20.
C
5.
A
13.
B
21.
B
6.
A
14.
D
22.
B
7.
D
15.
A
23.
D
8.
C
16.
C
24.
C
25.
D