Transcript Step Up To: Psychology

Step Up To:
Discovering Psychology
by John J. Schulte, Psy.D.
From: Hockenbury & Hockenbury
Discovering Psychology 4e
Worth Publishers (2007)
Chapter 2: Neuroscience and Behavior
Einstein’s Brain
Systems
Building Blocks
Specialized
It’s all in Your Head
Building Blocks
500
400
300
200
100
Systems
500
400
300
200
100
Einstein’s Brain
500
400
300
200
100
Specialized
500
400
300
200
100
It’s all in your head
500
400
300
200
100
1. Branching fibers extending out
from the cell body to receive
information from other neurons are
called:
•
•
•
•
A) axons.
B) glial cells.
C) dendrites.
D) axon terminals.
2. Neurons travel up to 20 times
faster when wrapped in ____.
•
•
•
•
A) sodium.
B) myelin.
C) glial cells.
D) potassium ions.
3. The brief electrical impulse
transmitted along the axon is called
the:
•
•
•
•
A) action potential.
B) stimulus threshold.
C) electrical cascade.
D) sodium pump.
4. After neurotransmitters are
released into the synapse, they
are most often recycled and
reused by a process called:
•
•
•
•
A) synaptic transmission.
B) reuptake.
C) all-or-none.
D) reabsorption.
5. The neurotransmitter ____ is
important in memory. Depletion of it
is found in those with Alzheimer’s.
•
•
•
•
A) dopamine
B) GABA
C) serotonin
D) acetylcholine
6. The ______ is the subdivision of the
peripheral nervous system that carries
sensory information to the spinal cord.
•
•
•
•
A) sensory nerves.
B) somatic nervous system.
C) autonomic nervous system.
D) sympathetic nervous system.
7. When you’re stressed and your heart
races, perspiration increases and
pupils dilate, the ____ is activated.
•
•
•
•
A) somatic nervous system
B) parasympathetic branch
C) sympathetic branch
D) spinal reflex
8. James touched a hot stove. His hand
immediately recoiled before he knew it
was hot. The order of this spinal reflex is:
• A) sensory neurons, interneurons, motor
neurons.
• B) sensory neurons, motor neurons,
interneurons.
• C) interneurons, sensory neurons,
motor neurons.
• D) interneurons, motor neurons,
motor neurons.
9. The ____ system is made up of
glands which secrete ____ into the
bloodstream.
•
•
•
•
A) peripheral nervous; antagonists
B) sympathetic; neurotransmitters
C) autonomic; action potentials
D) endocrine; hormones
10. The main link between the
endocrine system and the nervous
system is regulated primarily by a
brain structure known as the:
•
•
•
•
A) pituitary gland.
B) hypothalamus.
C) thalamus.
D) thyroid.
11. An early, popular pseudoscience
called ____ attempted to study
abilities and character by studying the
shape of your head.
•
•
•
•
A) cortical localization.
B) phrenology.
C) electroencephalography.
D) neurological contours.
12. The device called ____ provides
moment-by-moment images of the
brain’s changing activity and is
noninvasive.
•
•
•
•
A) EEG.
B) PET scan.
C) MRI.
D) fMRI.
13. The ability of the brain to
develop new neurons after birth is
called:
•
•
•
•
A) neurogenesis.
B) transmigration.
C) growth potential.
D) nothing; the brain cannot
develop new neurons after birth.
14. If this part of the brain is severed, the
left hemisphere will not be able to
communicate directly with the right.
•
•
•
•
A) cerebral cortex
B) reticular formation
C) corpus callosum
D) pons
15. The fetal brain is constantly
changing, forming as many as ___
synaptic connections per second.
•
•
•
•
A) 2 million
B) 100 thousand
C) 20 million
D) 5 million
16. The ___ is located at the back of the
brain and is responsible for muscle
coordination, posture and equilibrium.
•
•
•
•
A) corpus callosum
B) reticular formation
C) pons
D) cerebellum
17. Auditory information is received
and processed in the:
•
•
•
•
A) somatosensory cortex.
B) temporal lobe.
C) parietal lobe.
D) frontal lobe.
18. Damage to the ____ may affect the
ability to form new memories.
•
•
•
•
A) hippocampus
B) hypothalamus
C) thalamus
D) amygdala
19. When the ___ is destroyed, monkeys
lose their fear of snakes.
•
•
•
•
A) hypothalamus
B) hippocampus
C) amygdala
D) corpus callosum
20. Those with brain damage resulting
in an inability to produce speech, even
though they can comprehend what is
said to them, have:
•
•
•
•
A) post-stroke syndrome.
B) Wernicke’s aphasia.
C) Broca’s aphasia.
D) speech dysphonia.
21. This part of the brain specializes in
recognizing faces.
•
•
•
•
A) right hemisphere
B) left hemisphere
C) left temporal lobe
D) amygdala
22. The ability of the one part of the
brain to take over the function of
another in case of injury is called:
•
•
•
•
A) structural plasticity.
B) neurogenesis.
C) brain reintegration.
D) functional plasticity.
23. If you want to keep your brain fit, you
can:
•
•
•
•
A) try all kinds of puzzles.
B) watch less television.
C) read more.
D) all of the above.
24: In an experiment, some rats were
raised in an enriched environment
(such as this) and other rats were
raised in bare cages. What
happened?
• A) There was no difference between the
enriched-environment rats and the rats
raised in bare cages.
• B) Enriched-environment rats showed more
stress and aggression.
• C) Enriched-environment rats were able to
learn sign language.
• D) Enriched-environment rats demonstrated
neurogenesis, more synapses and greater
memory ability.
25. After his stroke, Ken was able to speak
clearly, but he would say things like, “Carry
great stittle come wattle glover some.” He
likely has damage to his:
•
•
•
•
A) right parietal lobe.
B) Broca’s area.
C) Wernicke’s area.
D) corpus callosum.
Stop here, or continue as a review
1. Branching fibers extending out
from the cell body to receive
information from other neurons are
called:
•
•
•
•
A) axons.
B) glial cells.
C) dendrites.
D) axon terminals.
42
2. Neurons travel up to 20 times
faster when wrapped in ____.
•
•
•
•
A) sodium.
B) myelin.
C) glial cells.
D) potassium ions.
43
3. The brief electrical impulse
transmitted along the axon is called
the:
•
•
•
•
A) action potential.
B) stimulus threshold.
C) electrical cascade.
D) sodium pump.
43
4. After neurotransmitters are
released into the synapse, they
are most often recycled and
reused by a process called:
•
•
•
•
A) synaptic transmission.
B) reuptake.
C) all-or-none.
D) reabsorption.
47
5. The neurotransmitter ____ is
important in memory. Depletion of it
is found in those with Alzheimer’s.
•
•
•
•
A) dopamine
B) GABA
C) serotonin
D) acetylcholine
48
6. The ______ is the subdivision of the
peripheral nervous system that carries
sensory information to the spinal cord.
•
•
•
•
A) sensory nerves.
B) somatic nervous system.
C) autonomic nervous system.
D) sympathetic nervous system.
52
7. When you’re stressed and your heart
races, perspiration increases, and
pupils dilate, the ____ is activated.
•
•
•
•
A) somatic nervous system
B) parasympathetic branch
C) sympathetic branch
D) spinal reflex
53
8. James touched a hot stove. His hand
immediately recoiled before he knew it
was hot. The order of this spinal reflex is:
• A) sensory neurons, interneurons, motor
neurons.
• B) sensory neurons, motor neurons,
interneurons.
• C) interneurons, sensory neurons,
motor neurons.
• D) interneurons, motor neurons,
motor neurons.
52
9. The ____ system is made up of
glands which secrete ____ into the
bloodstream.
•
•
•
•
A) peripheral nervous; antagonists
B) sympathetic; neurotransmitters
C) autonomic; action potentials
D) endocrine; hormones
55
10. The main link between the
endocrine system and the nervous
system is regulated primarily by a
brain structure known as the:
•
•
•
•
A) pituitary gland.
B) hypothalamus.
C) thalamus.
D) thyroid.
55
11. An early, popular pseudoscience
called ____ attempted to study
abilities and character by studying the
shape of your head.
•
•
•
•
A) cortical localization.
B) phrenology.
C) electroencephalography.
D) neurological contours.
58
12. The device called ____ provides
moment-by-moment images of the
brain’s changing activity, and is
noninvasive.
•
•
•
•
A) EEG.
B) PET scan.
C) MRI.
D) fMRI.
60
13. The ability of the brain to
develop new neurons after birth is
called:
•
•
•
•
A) neurogenesis.
B) transmigration.
C) growth potential.
D) nothing; the brain cannot
develop new neurons after birth.
62
14. If this part of the brain is severed, the
left hemisphere will not be able to
communicate directly with the right.
•
•
•
•
A) cerebral cortex
B) reticular formation
C) corpus callosum
D) pons
63
15. The fetal brain is constantly
changing, forming as many as ___
synaptic connections per second.
•
•
•
•
A) 2 million
B) 100 thousand
C) 20 million
D) 5 million
62
16. The ___ is located at the back of the
brain and is responsible for muscle
coordination, posture, and equilibrium.
•
•
•
•
A) corpus callosum
B) reticular formation
C) pons
D) cerebellum
64
17. Auditory information is received
and processed in the:
•
•
•
•
A) somatosensory cortex.
B) temporal lobe.
C) parietal lobe.
D) frontal lobe.
66
18. Damage to the ____ may affect the
ability to form new memories.
•
•
•
•
A) hippocampus
B) hypothalamus
C) thalamus
D) amygdala
68
19. When the ___ is destroyed, monkeys
lose their fear of snakes.
•
•
•
•
A) hypothalamus
B) hippocampus
C) amygdala
D) corpus callosum
69
20. Those with brain damage resulting
in an inability to produce speech, even
though they can comprehend what is
said to them have:
•
•
•
•
A) post-stroke syndrome.
B) Wernicke’s aphasia.
C) Broca’s aphasia.
D) speech dysphonia.
71
21. This part of the brain specializes in
recognizing faces.
•
•
•
•
A) right hemisphere
B) left hemisphere
C) left temporal lobe
D) amygdala
74
22. The ability of one part of the brain
to take over the function of another in
case of injury is called:
•
•
•
•
A) structural plasticity.
B) neurogenesis.
C) brain reintegration.
D) functional plasticity.
77
23. If you want to keep your brain fit, you
can:
•
•
•
•
A) try all kinds of puzzles.
B) watch less television.
C) read more.
D) all of the above.
78
24: In an experiment, some rats were
raised in an enriched environment
(such as this) and other rats were
raised in bare cages. What
happened?
• A) There was no difference between the
enriched-environment rats and the rats
raised in bare cages.
• B) Enriched-environment rats showed
more stress and aggression.
• C) Enriched-environment rats were able to
learn sign language.
• D) Enriched-environment rats
demonstrated neurogenesis, more
synapses and greater memory ability.
77
25. After his stroke, Ken was able to speak
clearly, but he would say things like, “Carry
great stittle come wattle glover some.” He
likely has damage to his:
•
•
•
•
A) right parietal lobe.
B) Broca’s area.
C) Wernicke’s area.
D) corpus callosum.
71
Acknowledgments
• Step Up Created by:
John J. Schulte, Psy.D.
• Based on Discovering
Psychology 4e, by
Hockenbury and Hockenbury
• Published by Worth
Publishers, 2007
Answers—Chapter 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
C
B
A
B
D
B
C
A
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
D
B
B
D
A
C
A
D
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
B
A
C
C
B
D
D
D
25. C