Transcript rise of dictators ppt

DICTATORS THREATEN WORLD PEACE
• For many European
countries the end of
World War I was the
beginning of
revolutions at home,
economic
depression and the
rise of powerful
dictators driven by
nationalism and
territorial expansion
Two powerful 20th Century
dictators were Stalin & Hitler
FAILURE OF VERSAILLES
The Versailles Treaty (above on crutches)
took a beating in the U.S. and abroad
• The peace settlement
that ended World War I
(Versailles Treaty)
failed to provide a “just
and secure peace” as
promised
• Instead Germany grew
more and more
resentful of the treaty
that they felt was too
harsh and too punitive
World
Leaders
of
the
1930s
Franklin D. Roosevelt – The United States

Franklin D. Roosevelt became a
democratically elected president of the
United States in 1932.

FDR was elected President of the
United States in 1932 during the
Great Depression.

President Roosevelt had developed
polio at the age of 39. A life
threatening disease of the nervous
system.

Roosevelt’s plan to end the Great
Depression was called the New Deal
(Relief, Recovery, Reform)
Franklin D. Roosevelt – The United States

Roosevelt’s New Deal
helped the U.S. economy
in the 1930’s, but did not
end the depression
completely.

As dictators rose to power
in the 1930’s, FDR took
steps to aid the Allied
Powers

Roosevelt will serve 4 terms
as President of the U.S. – the
only president to serve more
than 2.
December 29, 1940: The
United States must be the great
arsenal of democracy
Joseph Stalin – The Soviet Union

Grew up a poor, only child
and read Karl Marx’s
“Communist Manifesto”

Was inspired by the Russian
revolution led by Vladimir
Lenin.

Last name means:
Man of Steel.
Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union

Became leader of the Soviet Union
after the death of Lenin in 1924.

Became a totalitarian dictator –
complete control of society by
using fear, violence, censorship,
and religious persecution.

Used propaganda to sway beliefs
and censorship to control the
media.

Persecuted people based on
religious beliefs or ethnicity and
used them as scapegoats.
Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union

Implemented a command economy – government
controls all economic decisions.

1939 – signed a non-aggression pact with Adolf Hitler
but sided with the Allies during WWII  Hitler invaded
Soviet Union
STALIN MURDERS
MILLIONS OF
SOVIETS
Labor camp workers in Siberia -Stalin sent millions of political
prisoners to labor camps
• In his desire to purge
(eliminate) anyone who
threatened his power,
Stalin was responsible
for the deaths of 8 – 13
million of his own
Soviet citizens
• Millions more died of
famine caused by his
economic policies
Benito Mussolini – Italy
Benito Mussolini – Italy

1915: Joined the Italian Army
during World War I.

British and French promised
Italy land so they switch sides!

After the war, the Treaty of
Versailles was not kind to
Italy… promises were broken!

. Mussolini became bitter and
criticized the Italian
government much like Adolf
Hitler did the Weimar
Republic
Benito Mussolini – Italy

In 1919, Mussolini formed the Fascist Party to
oppose social class discrimination.

He organized armed gangs called “Black Shirts”.

They terrorized political opponents and spread
Fascism.
The March on Rome

October 1922, Mussolini seized power through the “March
on Rome”.

He became known as Il Duce (The Leader).

Controlled the media and used propaganda to gain support
of the people.
Mussolini’s
Slogan:
“Believe,
Obey, Fight”
HIROHITO: EMPEROR OF JAPAN
• Emperor Hirohito’s reign lasted
from 1926-1989
• Hirohito followed tradition and
chose a name for his reign after
inheriting the throne after the
death of his father, Yoshihito.
• His reign was called "Showa", or
"Radiating Peace“
• However, he began a military
buildup with several attacks on
China and a dream of Pacific
domination and set up a
militaristic government
Japanese Militarists
Hideki Tojo
JAPAN ATTACKS CHINA
• In 1931, Japan attacked the Chinese province of
Manchuria
• Swiftly Japan captured the province which is roughly
twice the size of Texas
• During the 1930s, the military established almost
complete control over the government. Many political
enemies were assassinated, and communists
persecuted.
• People gave up will for good of the government
Japanese Militarists
• Goal – Increase living space for growing Japanese
population
• Militarists launched surprise invasion of Manchuria
in 1931, controlling this resource-rich land within
several months
• League of nations condemned Japan, who simply
quit the league
• Success of the Invasion put the militarists in control
of Japan
Adolf Hitler – Germany

Rebellious young life
after the death of his
father.

1907: Wanted to be an
artist and moved to
Vienna, Italy… failed to
get into the Academy of
Fine Arts.

Abandoned his friends
and went into a deep
depression.
Adolf Hitler – Germany

During WWI, he served in the German army as a Corporal
(low ranking).

After WWI, Hitler joined the German Worker’s Party
(Socialist & Anti-Jewish Associations).

Within months, Hitler was named Fuhrer (Leader) in the
renamed Nazi Party.
Adolf Hitler – Germany

As a result of taking the
blame for WWI, the German
economy was in depression.
Wallpapering with
German Deutchmarks

Many people became
attracted to Hitler’s Nazi
Party.

In 1923, Hitler attempted to
overthrow Germany’s
existing government.

The attempt failed, and spent
1 year in prison for treason.
Adolf Hitler – Germany

During his brief prison stay,
Hitler outlined his plans on
taking over Germany in his
book, Mein Kampf .

As worldwide depression hit
in the 1930s, Hitler saw an
opportunity to take control
and by 1933, he was named
Chancellor of Germany.

Within a year, he took over
as Der Fuhrer (The Leader).
Adolf Hitler –
Germany
HITLER’S BELIEFS
• Hitler explained
his beliefs in
his book, Mein
Kampf, (My Struggle)
• He wanted to unite all
German-speaking people
under one grand Empire
He alone, who
owns the youth,
gains the
Future!
-- Adolf Hitler
• He wanted racial purity –
“inferior” races such as
Jews, Slavs and all nonwhites were to form a
work force for the “master
race” – blond, blue-eyed
“Aryans”
I am Joseph Stalin, the leader of the
Soviet Union from 1922-1953.
What is Communism?
• Based on the theory by Karl Marx.
• A “classless society” where all
participants are equal.
• State ownership and control of
the means of production
(command economy).
I am Adolf Hitler the leader (der
Fuhrer) or dictator of Germany from
1933 to 1945.
What is Nazism?
• Extreme nationalism.
•Belief in the racial superiority of the
Aryan or “Master Race”.
•Violent hatred towards Jews and
blamed Germany’s problems on them.
I am Benito Mussolini the leader (Il Duce)
of Italy from 1922 to 1943.
What is Fascism?
• Extreme nationalism.
• Totalitarian control.
• Interests of the state more important
than individual rights.
• Maintain class system and private
ownership of businesses.