Transcript Chapter 27 Americans in WW2

Section 1
The Allies Turn
the Tide




FDR wanted to retaliate against Japan for PH
16 B-25 Bombers attacked Tokyo
50 Japanese people killed 100 buildings damaged
Minimal Victory
May 1942 - U.S. and
Australia stopped
Japan from invading
 Japan won the actual
battle, but the allies
were able to stop a
Japanese invasion for
the first time
May 1942 - U.S. and Australia
stopped Japan from invading
 Japan won the actual battle, but
the allies were able to stop a
Japanese invasion for the first
time
What are these black clouds?
 June
1942
 Admiral Chester Nimitz
intercepted Japanese code
 U.S. launched surprise attack
on Japan at Pacific island called
Midway
 U.S. successful in the Battle of
Midway


The Japanese lost 4 carriers, a heavy cruiser,
3 destroyers, some 275 planes, at least 4,800
men, and suffered heavy damage among the
remaining vessels of their fleet.
American losses included 1 carrier, the
Yorktown, a destroyer, about 150 planes, and
307 men
Guadalcanal-
US offensive
first
(history vid)
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The Allies viewed Germany as the most
dangerous Axis Power.
The German military could
• bomb Britain
• fight both the U.S. and
British navies
• invade the Soviet Union
For these
reasons, the
Allies agreed to
a “Europe First”
strategy to
defeat Hitler.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The United States moved quickly to produce
military supplies and send them to Europe.
Hitler was
determined
to prevent
the supplies
from
reaching
Europe.
German
U-boats sank
thousands of
supply ships
in the North
Atlantic.
New technology
such as radar
helped the
Allies target the
U-boats and
restore the
supply lines.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Allied victory depends on
US production
Size of Soviet Army
Operation Barbarossa:
Germany invades USSR
Hitler’s Biggest Mistake
Operation Barbarossa:
June 22, 1941
y 3,000,000 German soldiers.
y 3,400 tanks.
The “Big Three”
Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin
Axis Powers in 1942




Video Questions:
1. What
happened when
you disobeyed
orders in the Red
Army? Site one
example from
the video
This sculpture is
in Volgograd
(formerly
Stalingrad
(formerly
tsaritsny) Russia
2. Why would
they rename the
city?
Battle of Stalingrad:
Winter of 1942-1943
German Army
Russian Army
1,011,500 men
1,000,500 men
10,290 artillery guns
13,541 artillery guns
675 tanks
894 tanks
1,216 planes
1,115 planes
Germans winning at first
Soviet forces eventually
defeat Germans
90,000 Germans surrender,
started with 200,000 troops
Meanwhile, Allied forces pressured the
Axis on another front—the deserts of
North Africa.
• General Dwight
Eisenhower commanded
the Allied invasion.
• Heat, sandstorms, and
scorpions made conditions
difficult.
 North
Africa- Germans led by
Erwin Rommel “the Desert Fox”
Tank battles dominated the fighting, pitting two
brilliant tank strategists against each other.
American
General
George S.
Patton, Jr.
German
General
Erwin
Rommel, the
“Desert Fox”
Patton eventually defeated Rommel’s
Afrika Korps, forcing a German
surrender in May 1943.
Allied Advances in North Africa
The Allied victory in
North Africa paved
the way for an
invasion of Italy,
with forces
capturing Sicily.
In 1943, Italy surrendered to
the Allies, ending the rule of
Benito Mussolini.
However, German forces continued
fighting the Allies in Italy into 1945.
The soft underbelly of
Europe
The Allies next took the fight
against Germany to the air.
Bombers flying from Britain
launched nonstop attacks in
Germany.
• massive saturation bombing
to inflict maximum damage
The goal was
unconditional
surrender.
• pinpoint strategic bombing
to destroy factories
Turn to page 807 answer #2
thinking critically question
• American bomber planes were
key to the war.
• The B-24 Liberator was faster
than previous bomber planes and
had a greater long-range
capacity.
•
Some planes escorted the bombers. The most
celebrated of the escort crews were the
Tuskegee Airmen, a special unit of African
American pilots. In 1,500 missions, they
never lost a bomber.