Transcript 7.1 Totalitarian Dictators

Totalitarian Regimes
7.1: Analyze the decision of the United States to enter World War II,
including the nation’s movement from a policy of isolationism to
international involvement and the japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
Important Terms
I. Communism
A. Central Government control of property and resources
B. Gov’t directs all political and economic decisions
C. Control is typically through Communist Party
committee
D.
II. Fascism
A. Extreme nationalism
B. One significant powerful figure as a leader
C. Loss of individuality and creativity
III. Nazism (shortened German word for National Socialism)
A. Form of Fascism in Germany during Hitler’s rule
B. Unite German people
C. Elimination of Jews, gypsies, disabled, etc.
Rise of Totalitarianism
Great Depression was worldwide
People blamed governments
Totalitarian governments: restricted personal freedoms
and prohibited political opposition - essentially kills off
opposition
Fascism is NOT Communism
Joseph Stalin
USSR (Russia) – Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Takes power in 1929
Name literally means “man of steel”
responsible for 8 to 13 million deaths
USSR becomes 2nd largest industrial power
Benito Mussolini
Seizes control of Italy in 1921
Fascism: the state more important than the
individual, maintains control of the economy,
suppresses opposition and is ruled by a dictator
countries that have extreme nationalism fall victim
very good orator, known for fluctuating voice and
pounding speech - Dr. King studied him
Adolf Hitler
Germany had to pay for WWI; led to extreme resentment
and embarrassment
promised to restore country to glory
went from 6 million unemployed to nearly nothing in a
year, people built canals, roads and railroads
Third Reich - “third rule” of 1000 years
Very good orator - clearly could captivate people
Hirohito and Tojo
Hirohito was Democratic, but lost support
when negotiations with US fail
Japan has a ruling class, which was the
Shogun or Samurai Warrior Class split
country in two
Democracy falls and Tojo Hideki rises to
power over Hirohito
Tojo primarily responsible for Pearl
Harbor plan
Totalitarian Dictators
• Totalitarianism: State holds TOTAL authority in society
and seeks to control all aspects of public and private life
• Stalin: Communist in Soviet Union
• Mussolini: Fascist in Italy
• Hitler: Nazi (National Socialist) in Germany
• Tojo: Military leader in Japan
• All provided hope for a better future but restricted
personal liberties for the “betterment” of their countries
Mussolini, Hitler and Tojo
Mussolini expands borders into
Ethiopia 1935
Hitler annexed Rhineland, Austria
and Sudetenland 1936-38
Tojo invaded Manchuria 1931
Appeasement: Idea of ignoring a
problem and just letting it
continue to happen because of
not wanting to get involved
United States
Great Depression
passed Neutrality Act of 1935: Prohibited the sale of
weapons to warring nations - this is what brought the US
into WWI
Quarantine Speech: economic and diplomatic sanctions
against aggressor nations; specifically Japan
Japan saw as threatening: US would not trade oil
Europe War
1939: Hitler Invaded Poland
Blitzkrieg - lightning war
Russia was ally to Poland
Britain and France declare war on Germany
Germany defeated France in under 9 months, wanted to
humiliate France so they made de Gaulle sign armistice
in same train car as Germany had 30 years prior
US involvement
Neutrality
Cash and Carry- will trade goods to
countries that will pay in cash and transport
them
Destroyers for Bases- US exchanged ships
for base rights on British possessions
Lend-Lease Act- “Loaned” Allied Countries
weapons- ended Neutrality
Because we shipped the material, Germany
opened fire - US Navy protected shipments in a state of undeclared war
Japan
the US was providing aid (oil) to Allied countries (China)
Japan, an island with limited resources, needed lots of oil to power their large
military
Quarantine Speech was one of last straws due to economic sanctionsembargo against aggressive countries, no more oil to Japan
Japan Attacks: fears US power in the Pacific and upset over embargo
Dec 7, 1941-Pearl Harbor:
“Day that will live in infamy”
US declares war on Japan