Transcript Anti-Communism

Year 10 HISTORY
WORLD WAR II (1939–45)
Mr Flannery 10 History
2015
Chancellor
the head of a state or government in some European countries
Communism
a system of social organisation that prohibits private ownership and advocates
communal ownership of property
Conscription
compulsory military service
Constitution
a set of rules that determines how an organisation, or a country, operates
ideology
the beliefs or attitudes held by an individual or a social group – these are
often reflected in texts.
Interned
imprisonment during wartime
Nazi
a member of the German National Socialist political party (founded by Hitler)
Reparations
payments made after a war by the defeated nation to the nation/s that won the war
Sanctions
controls on trade in goods and services and financial restrictions against persons and
entities designated by the Security Council of the United Nations
Sovereignty
the authority of a state to govern itself
Treaty
a formally concluded and ratified agreement between states.
Typhus
an infectious disease caused by Rickettsia bacteria, characterised by a purple rash,
headaches, fever and usually delirium
After World War 1, the world became polarised by political movements
including communism, fascism and Nazism, and the rise of leaders such as
Mussolini in Italy, Hitler in Germany, Stalin in the Soviet Union and Tojo in
Japan. The aggression of these leaders exploded into one of the most
horrifying global conflicts of the 20th Century: World War 2.
Battles of dominance were fought in China, North Africa and South-East
Asia, with two key ‘theatres of war’: Europe and the Asia-Pacific.
The war changed Australia and the world, with significant events including
the Holocaust, battles of Britain and Stalingrad, the attack on Pearl Harbor,
the bombing of Darwin, the defence of the Kokoda Track and the dropping
of atomic bombs on Japan. World War 2 involved almost every nation in the
world, costing more than 50 million lives over the course of 6 years.
What do I need to know?
Mass casualties
After WW1, people were horrified to learn that almost 9 million troops had
died on both sides in that terrible conflict. Yet in little over 2 decades the world
was again at war.
 Between 1939 & 1945 WW2 cost the lives of around 62 million people.
 World War 2 Was by far the deadliest conflict, not only in the 20th Century,
but in human history.
 In this war the number of civilian deaths was approximately double the
number of military deaths, and more than a third of civilian deaths were
deliberate killings in Japanese, Nazi and other fascist war crimes.
 Approximately 39 800 Australian soldiers, sailors and airmen and 700
civilians were killed in World War 2.
Treaty of
Versailles
Rise of
Hitler
Nationalism
Rise of
fascism in
Italy
Major Causes
of
World War II
Japanese
expansionism
Economic
depression
Militarism
Appeasement
Anticommunism
Treaty of Versailles
After Germany lost WWI, the winning nations drafted a
treaty to address issues such as territorial adjustments,
reparations, armament restrictions, war guilt and the
League of Nations.
The treaty punished Germany and left bitter feelings.
Germany was forced to accept all the blame for the war
and pay millions in reparations to Britain and France.
Italy was disappointed that it was denied territory
promised by Britain and France.
British
Prime
Minister
George
1914
1919
Italian
Prime
Minister
Orlando
French Prime
Minister
Clemenceau
“Big Four”
U.S.
President
Wilson
The Nazis’ rise to power
Three factors in particular helped the rise of the Nazis:
1)Resentment against the Treaty of Versailles (http://www.history.com/topics/worldwar-i/treaty-of-versailles)
2)The myth that Germany had been betrayed
3)The Great Depression
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/treaty-of-versailles/videos
Worldwide Economic Depression
After WWI many European
economies were unstable.
The boom in the U.S.
throughout the 1920s helped
sustain worldwide trade.
The 1929 stock market crash
in the U.S. and the resulting
Great Depression spread
throughout the world. U.S.
restrictive tariff policies worsened
the depression.
As economies plummeted and
unemployment rose, many
people turned to powerful leaders
and governments who promised
success through military buildup
and the conquest of territory.
German breadlines
Japanese children eating
radish roots during famine
Economic Depression (in Germany)
The impact of the 1930s Depression
In the early 1920s Germany suffered
hyperinflation, which wiped out the
value of its currency.
1924 - Consequently the reparations
payments (agreed upon in the treaty)
were spread over a longer period and
Germany was given loans to help
rebuild its economy.
As the Great Depression spread
through industrialised country from
1929, Germany was most severely
affected. As foreign loans dried up,
investment fell and by 1932 six million
Germans were unemployed.
In Germany, depression, unemployment and
hard times led to a dramatic increase in votes
for Hitler and the Nazi Party.
Election date
Votes in
millions
Share
May 20, 1928
0.81
2.6%
September 14, 1930
6.41
18.3%
July 31, 1932
13.75
37.3%
November 6, 1932
11.74
33.1%
March 5, 1933
17.28
43.9%
Voting for Hitler’s party increased as
unemployment rates rose
The fall of Germany’s
democratic government
When the Depression hit, Germany’s coalition
government wanted to raise taxes on the rich
to maintain payments to the unemployed. The
non-socialist parties opposed this, so the
coalition split and the government collapsed.
The communist party was becoming
increasingly popular, as was the Nazi party.
People who feared communism saw this
party as a good alternative.
Coalition:
a temporary alliance for
combined action, especially
of political parties forming a
government.
Socialism:
a political and economic
theory of social organization
which advocates that the
means of production,
distribution, and exchange
should be owned or
regulated by the community
as a whole.
Anti-Communism
Under communism, all means
of production are controlled by
the government, as are
property, the media, and all
other aspects of society.
The 1930s saw the rise of
many totalitarian regimes; but
most people chose fascism over
communism.
A Battle for Germany: Nazi
anti-communist book from
1933
Hitler exploited people’s fear
of a communist takeover in
Germany to rise to power in
1933.
Communication Question
How did the following factor’s help the rise of the Nazis?
a) Resentment against the conditions imposed by the Treaty of
Versailles
b) The Great Depression
The basic ideas of the Nazi
ideology
1) Only the strong survive
2) Hate communism as it is a Jewish ideology
3) The Germanic master race must defeat its racial
enemies, especially the Jews
4) Germany must gain Lebensraum (living room) for
its expanding population by taking land from nonAryan races
5) The Fuhrerprinzip (leader principle) dictates that all
opposition must be crushed and there must be total
obedience to the leader.
Aryan:
In Nazi ideology, an Aryan
person was the ideal
physical specimen: nonJewish and possessing
strong Nordic features (tall,
blonde hair, blue eyes)
The Nazi’s gained supporters through
public spectacles such as the
Nuremberg rallies, through
controlling the media and through
propaganda blaming Germany's
problems on communists and Jews.
The source of Hitler’s power
A month after Hitler became Chancellor (prime minister of a right wing
government), the Reighstag (German Parliament) was severely damaged by fire
and the Nazis stirred up fears of a communist uprising.
Hitler persuaded President Hindenburg to issue a Decree for protection of People
and State. This allowed for imprisonment without trial and abolition of freedom of
the press, speech and assembly.
During the weeks preceding the March 1933 elections, The Nazis used the
decree to restrict campaigning by other parties.
Despite their intimidation of voters, the Nazis won only 43.9% of the vote, so they
formed a coalition with the small Nationalist Party and barred the communist from
taking the seats they had won.
Finally Hitler’s government had the power to make laws and change the
constitution as it wished.
Hitler appealed to almost
all members of society.
He promised to take
care of the workers and
farmers, and to return
the middle class to the
good fortune and peace
they remembered from
their childhood.
Communication Question
What role did president Hindenburg play in Hitler’s rise to
power?
What have you learned today?
Treaty of Versailles
Rise of Italian fascism
Rise of Hitler and the Nazi Party
Great Depression
Japanese expansionism
Anti-communism
Appeasement
Militarism
Nationalism
U.S. isolationism
Maps
1. How did the nature of global conflict change during
the twentieth century?
2. What were the consequences of World War II?
3. How did these consequences change the modern
world?
4. What was Australia’s involvement in World War II?
5. How was Australian society affected by other
significant global events and changes in this period?
Japanese Expansionism
In 1931 Japan invaded
Manchuria for raw
materials.
The same year, Japan
began to attack China,
with full-scale war
breaking out in 1937 in
the Sino-Japanese War.
In 1938, war broke
out between Japan and
the Soviet Union in what
were known as the
Soviet-Japanese Border
Wars.
Appeasement
Appeasement is the act of
giving in to an enemy’s
demands in hopes of avoiding
further conflict.
In 1938, Hitler demanded that
Czechoslovakia cede the
Sudetenland to Germany. He
claimed that the German
population living there was
being mistreated.
The British and French prime
ministers agreed to Hitler’s
demands without consulting
Czechoslovakian leaders, in the
hopes that this would avoid a
war in Europe.
Militarism
The glorification of war, in
which a nation strengthens its
military and stockpiles weapons
in preparation for war.
An important aspect of
militarism is that the
glorification of war is
incorporated into all levels of
society, including education of
the nation’s youth.
Hitler Youth group
Militaristic societies have
existed throughout human
history.
Ancient Sparta is an example of a
militaristic society
The Rise of Fascism in Italy
Fascism is a totalitarian
form of government
which:
Glorifies the state
Has one leader and
one party
All aspects of society
are controlled by the
government
No opposition or
protests are tolerated
Propaganda and
censorship are widely
practiced
Benito Mussolini came to
power in 1922 and helped
found the political ideology of
fascism. He sided with the Axis
powers in 1940.
Nationalism
Nationalism is the
belief in the superiority
of one’s own nation over
all others.
In the extreme, it can
lead to major conflicts
between nations.
Hitler, Mussolini, and
Japan’s Tojo each touted
their nation’s ability to
dominate all others in
the years leading up to
WWII.
Nazi flag, Italian fascist logo,
Japanese flag
American Isolationism
The failure of peace efforts
such as the Kellogg Briand
Treaty during the 1920s
disillusioned many Americans
about international
involvement.
The U.S. was in a major
depression throughout the
1930s and was mostly
concerned with its own
problems.
Conflict in Europe seemed
distant, and the U.S. tried to
remain neutral. This policy
weakened the European
democracies.
The Nye Committee held
congressional hearings in the
mid-1930s, concluding that the
U.S. was tricked into entering
WWI by arms manufacturers
and Allied propaganda.
Theatres of War: Where WWII Was Fought
Europe
North
Africa
Atlantic
Ocean
Asia
Pacific
HITLER’S
WWII AXIS
PARTNERS
India
Brazil
THE ALLIED
POWERS IN
WWII
Reference List
http://www.history.com/topics/world-wari/treaty-of-versailles/videos