Transcript Unit 7.4 Impact of WWII

Unit 7.4 – World War II

#6 Impact of WWII
 Essential
Question:
–What was the impact of World War
II on the United States and the
world?

Warm-Up Question:
–Why was Truman’s decision to use
atomic bombs so important?
Total War on the
Battlefront
World War II
Total War – What was its impact?
 As with WWI, World War II used
total war tactics:
–On the battlefront, blitzkrieg
tactics were used, cities were
firebombed, kamikaze attacks &
atomic bombs were used
–On the homefront, gov’ts used
propaganda, conscription,
rationing, & raised money to win
the war
HitlerUnlike
used aWWI,
new “lightning
WWII waswar”
not atactic
war of
called
blitzkrieg
attrition that
in Europe;
relied on
these
using
battle
strong
lines
attacks
movedby
air raids & tanks to take over new territories
Germany
bombed
London
in theatomic
&
In The
August
Allies
1945,
usedthe
napalm
USA
dropped
to firebomb
Japanon
attacked
Pearl
Dresden,
bombs
Germany
Hiroshima
& Tokyo,
&Harbor
Nagasaki
Japan
Total War on the
Homefront
The U.S. Government
 To
win wars in Asia & Europe &
meet civilian demands, the U.S.
gov’t grew to its largest size ever:
–The War Powers Act gave the
president power to expand the
gov’t & limit liberties (censorship)
–The gov’t
imposed
rations,
sold
The U.S.
gov’t spent
$250
war
bonds,
drafted
million
per day
fromsoldiers
1941 to 1945
–War Production
directed
This is 2x asBoard
much as
all
factories
to produce
war
supplies
previous gov’t
spending
combined
so that the Allies could out
produce the Axis Powers
Mobilizing Soldiers: The Draft
Buy, Buy, Buy, Buy a Bond:
It Will Lead to VICTORY!
War bonds
helped raise
$187 billion
to support
the war
effort
Paying for the War
Paying for the War
Paying for the War
WWII propaganda: was directed by the
Office of War Information
The War Mobilization Board oversaw
production of war equipment
Henry Ford’s factories made one
B-24 bomber every hour
The War Mobilization Board oversaw
production of war equipment
Pre-fabrication allowed shipbuilders to
make a battleship in 14 days (rather than
American Home Front in WWII
Consumers
Consumers
 War
production stimulated the
economy & created new jobs:
–Business & farm profits doubled
–Wages rose & people wanted to
buy, but wartime production led
to shortages of consumer goods
–Office of Price Administration
fixed prices & distributed ration
books to save gas, meat, butter
–Americans recycled & planted
victory gardens for the war effort
Wartime Ration Books
Victory Gardens
Wartime production led to
shortages on consumer goods
American Home Front in WWII
GIs
GIs

When the USA declared war, the military
needed soldiers to fight a two-front war in
Europe & Asia:
– 6 million men volunteered
– 10 million more were drafted
– Everything soldiers were given was
“government issue” so WWII became known
as “GIs”
– Homesickness among soldiers was common
Preparing for a jump into
Nazi-occupied France
Marines at Iwo Jima
GIs missed the freedoms of “home”
GIs with movie star Marlene Dietrich
American Home Front in WWII
African Americans
African Americans
 During
WWII, African Americans
fought in the military & at home:
–The war led to factory jobs &
increased the Great Migration of
blacks in the North & west coast
–African Americans faced racial
discrimination; civil rights leader
A Philip Randolph forced FDR to
offer equal pay for black workers
by creating the Fair Employment
Practices Commission
African Americans
 During
WWII, African Americans
fought in the military & at home:
–More than 1 million black soldiers
served in segregated units under
the command of white officers
–Unlike WWI, black soldiers were
allowed to fight; the “Tuskegee
airmen” in the U.S. military were
recognized for heroism & bravery
Randolph led the “Double V” campaign:
victory at home & abroad
A. Philip Randolph
threatened a “March on
Washington” to protest war
time discrimination
Other groups, like the Congress of Racial
Equality (CORE), staged sit-ins in
restaurants in major cities to protest
African Americans fought in segregated units
Tuskegee
Airmen
American Home Front in WWII
Women
Women
 World
War II led to opportunities for
women in the workforce & military:
–6 million women entered the
workforce, many did clerical work
but others did “men’s work”
–200,000 women joined special,
noncombat military units
–Led to an increase in daycare
centers & child delinquency
–After the war, women were forced
out of high-paying factory jobs
“Rosie, the Riveter”
Women’s Army Corps (WACs)
Women Accepted for Volunteer
Emergency Service (WAVES)
Women served as military nurses &
photographers
American Home Front in WWII
Japanese Americans
Japanese-Americans
 Due
to Pearl Harbor, people feared
that Japanese-Americans were
spying or helping prepare for a
Japanese invasion of the USA
–In 1942, FDR issued Executive
Order 9066 which ordered
112,000 Japanese-Americans to
move to internment camps
–The Japanese in camps faced bad
living conditions & a lack of rights
–Faced racial stereotypes (“Japs”)
Executive Order 9066 forced Japanese
Americans into internment camps
The Costs of WWII
End of the War in Europe
 USA,
England, Russia met twice
before WWII ended to discuss the
reconstruction of Europe after the war:
–Yalta
Conference
(Feb 1945)
–Potsdam
Conference
(July 1945)
Yalta Conference
 In
February 1945 (while the war was
still being fought), the “Big Three”
Churchill (England), Roosevelt (USA),
Stalin (USSR) met in Yalta, USSR to
discuss Europe
after WWII
 This is FDR’s
last meeting
(died in April 1945)
Yalta Conference
 At
Yalta, the Allies discussed:
–The Axis Powers must
unconditionally surrender
–The League of Nations should
be replaced by a United Nations
to keep the peace after the war
–Germany would be divided into
occupied zones to help rebuild
–Eastern European nations have
the right to choose to be
democratic or communist
Potsdam Conference
(Stalin, Truman, Churchill)
US President FDR died in April & VP
Harry Truman became the new President
Potsdam
Stalin
broke hisConference
promise at Yalta &
began
pressuring
Eastern European
 After
Germany
surrendered,
the
countries to become Communist
USA, England, & USSR met at
Potsdam, Germany to discuss the
end of
the war
 Two
important
things
happened
Potsdam
ended
any
sensetoofallow
friendship
Potsdam
Conference
At Yalta,
Stalin
agreed
selfbetween
the USA & USSR
& began
an era
determination
in Eastern
Europe
Germany
wasStalin
divided
4 occupied
zones:
of Potsdam,
bitterness
& distrust
called
thehis
Cold
War
By
hadinto
extended
control
3 were
democratic
& create
1 was communist
over
Eastern
Europe to
a buffer zone
between the USSR & its future enemies
Potsdam presents a major Cold War theme:
Because they could not agree on how do
govern Europe, Truman & Stalin divided it
Potsdam Conference
 President
Truman was
told that the atomic
bomb was ready
 Truman issued the
“Potsdam Declaration”
& told Japan to
unconditionally
surrender OR
face "prompt & utter
destruction"
The Effects of
World War II
The U.S.,
U.S.S.R,
England,
France, &
The
Nationalist
creation
China made
of theup the
Executive
United
Council
Nations
All 50 member nations
were represented on the
General Assembly
Each member
of the
Executive
Council has
veto power
over other
members
An army!
Cold War
 When
the World War II finally ended,
2 superpowers remained: US & USSR
 USA—capitalist &
democratic; USSR—
communist
 Different beliefs led to
a Cold War & a fight
for supremacy
throughout the world
VS
Group Challenge
 Let’s see how much you know about
WWI and WWII.
 In groups, brainstorm to come up with as
many similarities and differences as you
can think of between WWI and WWII.
 Make sure that they are significant, but
be as comprehensive as possible…you are
competing against the other groups!
Some Key Similarities
 Total
war: Draft, rationing, war bonds,
victory gardens, government direction of
the wartime economy (WIB vs WPB),
limitations on liberties
 Women work doing “men’s jobs” in
factories
 Segregated units for African American
soldiers; Great Migration
 League of Nations was in existence
Some Key Differences
 More
African American soldiers fought;
Great Migration WEST
 Japanese internment camps
 Fighting in Europe AND the Pacific
 Trench warfare vs. blitzkrieg
 Atomic bombs used
 6 million women JOINED the workforce
 1st peacetime draft
 United Nations replaced the L of Nations
WWII Discussion
 Some
historians consider WWII to
be a continuation of WWI.
–Do you agree with that
assessment? Why or why not?
 It has been argued that the events
of WWII caused the Cold War.
–Do you agree with that
assessment? Why or why not?
After Quiz
Read Pages 770-807
 Answer ?s on pgs 777, 783, 792 & 807
 1-3 a,b, and c.
