Transcript Global III Study Guide

Global III Study Guide
Semester Exam
WWI #1
• What countries comprised the Triple Alliance?
▫ Germany
▫ Austria-Hungary
▫ Italy – who later dropped out and fought on the
side of the Allies
WWI #2
• What was the immediate (one event) cause of
World War I?
▫ The assassination of the heir to the Austrian
throne, Archduke Francis Ferdinand, and his wife
by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip
WWI #3
• What country pledged unlimited military
support to Austria-Hungary after the
assassination of the Archduke?
▫ Germany
WWI #4
• What were the four main causes of WWI?
▫ Imperialism
 Competition for colonies in Africa, SE Asia, & the
Pacific among European powers
▫ Militarism
 Spending huge $$ on the military and preparing for
war made it eventually more likely to happen
▫ Nationalism
▫ Alliances
 Once two countries were at odds, their allies had to
back them up
WWI #5
• What was the official U.S. foreign policy at the
outset of World War I?
▫ Neutrality – President Wilson wanted to protect
American investments in Europe. We officially
protested hostile and aggressive actions by both
sides and tried to be a peacemaker.
WWI #6
• How would you describe the combat situation
during the first few years of the War on the
Western Front?
▫ A stalemate – though the German army quickly
swept through Belgium and Western France they
were halted by French and British forces at the
River Marne. There neither side was able to gain
an advantage.
WWI #7
• After the trans-Atlantic cable was cut, who was
the only source of information about events in
Europe available to the U.S.?
▫ Great Britain
• Who did they paint as evil monsters?
▫ Germany
WWI #8
• How was the United States able to raise the
funds necessary for the war effort?
▫ By selling Liberty Bonds – redeemable + interest
at a later date. More than $20 billion was raised
WWI #9
• Why was it hard for the U.S. population to
remain neutral in their hearts and minds prior to
entering the war?
▫ British anti-German propaganda & unrestricted
submarine warfare against U.S. ships by German
U Boats despite pledges to stop
WWI #10
• How did women contribute to the war effort on
the home front?
▫ Jobs previously available only to men were ably
filled by women. Nearly 400,000 women also
joined the industrial work force.
WWI #11
• What caused President Wilson to change his
stance from neutrality to asking Congress to
declare war on Germany?
▫ Unrestricted submarine warfare against U.S. ships
despite pledges not to do so
▫ The Russian Revolution
▫ The Zimmerman Note
WWI #12
• What is the Selective Service Act of 1917, and
why was it passed?
▫ It authorized a draft of young men for military
service. It was passed because the army needed to
raise its numbers to 1 million by 1918 and 3
million by 1919
WWI #13
• What was the state of the U.S. military upon
declaring war on Germany?
▫ Far from ready! Less than 1oo,ooo men in
uniform, the National Guard needed training, and
the Marines were on duty protecting American
interests in Central America and the Pacific
WWI #14
• What is the Zimmerman Note?
▫ An intercepted note from German foreign minister
Zimmerman to Mexico offering land in the
American Southwest for declaring war on the
United States
WWI #15
• Roughly how many soldiers died in WWI?
▫ 10 million
WWI #16
• What made adjusting to post-war life in America
difficult?
▫ There was no plan in place to reintegrate troops
into society. Many women were forced out of their
jobs, and African Americans still faced
discrimination in hiring despite being cheered as
heroes of war.
WWI #17
• What was Woodrow Wilson’s goal for the League
of Nation?
▫ To ensure security and peace for all members
WWI #18
• What were the major terms of the Treaty of
Versailles?
▫ Nine new nations were created out of some of the
land of Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Russia
▫ Germany had to pay $33 billion in reparations to
the allies for economic damage
▫ Allied powers divided up German colonies
▫ Germany had to accept full war guilt
▫ Germany could not rebuild its army
WWI #19
• What was the aim of Wilson’s Fourteen Point
Plan?
▫ Wilson hoped the world could “be made safe for
every peace loving nation…” He hoped they would
form the basis of peace negotiations.
WWI #20
• What was the nickname for the alliance of
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman
Empire?
▫ The Central Powers
WWI #21
• What nations were represented at the Paris
Peace Conference?
▫ The Big Four dominated: Great Britain, France,
Italy, and the United States
WWI #22
• What new roles did the Federal Government
take on during World War I?
▫ New Federal Agencies were created to oversee the
war effort
▫ Regulating food and fuel consumption
WWI #23
• What event turned the tide of war against the
Germans on the Western Front?
▫ The entry of U.S. forces into the war, which
enabled the allies to defeat the Germans at the
Second Battle of the Marne and save Paris.
WWI #24
• What was the date and time the armistice was
signed, ending combat in World War I?
▫ 11:00 am November 11, 1918 (11:00am 11/11/18)
WWI #25
• Why were many senators opposed to the U.S.
joining the League of Nations?
▫ They feared it would drag the country into
unpopular and expensive foreign wars. Congress
did not sign the Treaty of Versailles, but instead
passed a resolution declaring the war over.
WWI #26
• Why were the new weapons of war so
destructive?
▫ Machine guns, rapid fire artillery, poison gasses,
tanks, and other weapons were designed to
decimate the opponent.
WWI #27
• What is nationalism? How did it contribute to
World War I?
▫ Intense feelings of pride in ones country
▫ Tendency of the great powers to act in their own
best interests, even if it went against the best
interests of another nation
▫ Ethnic minorities within countries who wanted
independence and self-rule
WWI #28
• How are World War I and the Russian
Revolution intertwined in history.
▫ Russia suffered disaster upon disaster early in the
war. By 1917 4 million had been taken prisoner or
killed, and enemy forces were advancing deep into
Russian territory. The military embarrassment,
coupled with the economic condition of the
country set the stage for revolution.
WWI #29
• What was the original intent of airplanes during
World War I?
▫ To scout enemy positions (reconnaissance)
WWI #30
• Which nation withdrew from the Triple Alliance
and entered World War I to fight on the
opposing side?
▫ Italy
The Roaring 20’s #1
• Why did many African Americans move from the
South to the North in the late 19th and early 20th
centuries?
▫ The passage of Jim Crow laws in the South that
legalized segregation and job opportunities in the
North’s urban centers
The Roaring 20’s #2
• What was the 19th Amendment to the U.S.
Constitution?
▫ It gave women the right to vote in all elections
The Roaring 20’s #3
• What was the conflict at had in the 1925 trial of
John Scopes?
▫ Scopes taught the theory of evolution in his
science class in Tennessee, despite laws
prohibiting this. The conflict was between science
and religion.
The Roaring 20’s #4
• What is the Harlem Renaissance?
▫ An awakening and appreciation of African
American literature, poetry, art, and jazz centered
in Harlem, New York
The Roaring 20’s #5
• What was largely responsible for the economic
boom of the 1920’s?
▫ The expansion of credit and buying items on an
installment plan
▫ Growth of a consumer economy – one dependent
on consumers to spend lots of money
The Roaring 20’s #6
• What was a result of prohibition on U.S. society?
▫ The growth of organized crime
The Roaring 20’s #7
• What financial practice, popular in the 1920’s,
contributed to the stock market crash?
▫ Buying stock on margin – getting it for a fraction
of the price and borrowing the rest from a stock
broker.
The Roaring 20’s #8
• What was the 18th Amendment to the U.S.
Constitution?
▫ A ban on the making, consumption, or sale of
alcoholic beverages.
The Roaring 20’s #9
• What form of music that gained wide notoriety
during the 20’s is characterized by bold solos
and the freedom to improvise and recognized as
uniquely American?
▫ Jazz
The Roaring 20’s #10
• What were flappers and what did they
represent?
▫ A new type of woman: bold, rebellious, energetic,
and fun loving. They drank, smoked, wore
makeup, wore their hair short and represented a
wider challenging of traditional values.
The Roaring 20’s #11
• What are installment plans and what effect did
they have on the American economy?
▫ Installment plans allow consumers to pay for a
product on a fixed schedule. This allowed them to
buy larger more expensive products, which in turn
helped the economy grow.
The Roaring 20’s #12
• What was Henry Ford’s dream selling cars in
America?
▫ To “Democratize the automobile” making them
available at prices the ordinary American could
afford.
The Roaring 20’s #13
• What was a major demographic shift that
occurred during the 1920’s?
▫ Americans moved from rural to urban areas. The
1920’s was the first decade in American history
where the urban population was greater than the
rural population
The Roaring 20’s #14
• What is welfare capitalism?
▫ A strategy used by business leaders to meet some
of the demands of their workers and prevent
strikes and labor tension, thus keeping
productivity high.
▫ Raised wages, provided paid vacations, health
plans, recreation plans, and English classes for
recent immigrants
The Roaring 20’s #15
• What were Americans fearful of during the Red
Scare?
▫ The spread of communism and other politically
radical ideas to America. Many Americans called
for communists to be jailed or kicked out!
The Roaring 20’s #16
• Why did many American believe Sacco and
Vanzetti were executed?
▫ Because they were immigrants with radical
political beliefs, not the actual men who robbed
and killed a paymaster for a Braintree shoe
factory.
The Roaring 20’s #17
• What was the 21st Amendment to the U.S.
Constitution?
▫ It repealed the 18th Amendment (prohibition)
The Roaring 20’s #18
• What did advertisements and installment plans
encourage?
▫ Consumers to buy stuff – lots of stuff!
The Roaring 20’s #19
• Who were the targets of the Ku Klux Klan’s
terror?
▫ African Americans, Catholics, Jews, and
immigrants
The Roaring 20’s #20
• Many Americans feared the country was losing
its traditional values and responded by joining a
religious movement known as what?
▫ Fundamentalism
The Roaring 20’s #21
• What is Tuesday, October 29, 1929 known as?
▫ Black Tuesday – the day of the Great Crash!
The Roaring 20’s #22
• After World War I, how did most Americans
want to avoid future wars?
▫ They wanted to avoid any political or economic
alliances with foreign nations - isolationism
The Great Depression #1
• What was a significant cause of the Great
Depression?
▫ Buying stock on margin (borrowing money from
stock brokers to pay for the stock)
▫ Over speculation in the stock market
The Great Depression #2
• What was the point of the Federal Deposit
Insurance Company (FDIC)?
▫ To guarantee people’s deposits up to $250k so
that in the event of another crash and/or
depression thousands more Americans would not
lose their savings.
The Great Depression #3
• How did President Hoover plan on getting the
U.S. out of the Depression?
▫ By doing nothing – he thought things would take
care of themselves
The Great Depression #4
• Why did the power of labor unions increase
during the 1930’s?
▫ Because the Federal Government officially
recognized workers right to unionize and
collectively bargain
The Great Depression #5
• What happened when banks collapsed during
the Great Depression?
▫ Depositors lost all of their money!
The Great Depression #6
• What was the Dust Bowl? What were its two
major causes?
▫ The Dust Bowl was the nickname for an area
stretching from Texas to North Dakota that
suffered severe drought in the 1930s.
▫ It was caused by the combination of drought and
over-farming which exposed the fertile top soil to
the dry conditions and extreme winds
The Great Depression #7
• What was the major difference between the
administrations of Herbert Hoover and Franklin
D. Roosevelt?
▫ Roosevelt was willing to use the power of the
Federal Government to try and pull America out of
the Depression, while Hoover’s plan was to let the
economy fix itself
The Great Depression #8
• What event is most closely associated with the
end of the Great Depression?
▫ The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and
America’s subsequent entry into WWII
The Great Depression #9
• What economic trends of the 1920’s helped
cause the Great Depression?
▫ Buying stock on margin
▫ Speculation in the stock market which led to
inflated values for stock (companies weren’t
actually worth as much as their stock would lead
investors to believe)
The Great Depression #10
• What were “Hoovervilles”?
▫ Shanty towns for the homeless and poor in urban
areas. Called this as an insult to President
Hoover, who they blamed for their economic
struggles.
▫ Also: Hoover Flags, Hoover Blankets (what are
these?)
The Great Depression #11
• A lasting effect of the New Deal has been the
belief the government should _______ in times
of crisis?
▫ Intervene to help its citizens
The Great Depression #12
• How did the Great Depression in America hurt
European countries economies?
▫ The U.S. invested heavily in Germany which
enabled them to make reparation payments to
other European countries. When depression hit
America that investment stopped – and so did
reparation payments that countries were
dependent upon.
The Great Depression #13
• How did the U.S. government’s role in the
economy change as a result of the Great
Depression?
▫ The Government played a much more active role
in the economy after the New Deal.
The Great Depression #14
• What happened to 1000’s of U.S. banks after the
Great Crash?
▫ They failed! Lost all of their depositors money and
had to close.
The Great Depression #15
• Why did people’s physical and mental health
decline during the Great Depression?
▫ Lack of medical care, improper nutrition, and
depression – men were ashamed they were willing
and able to work but could not find any to support
their families.
The Great Depression #16
• What happened to working women during the
Great Depression?
▫ They were forced out of their positions, fired, and
faced even more discrimination in the hiring
process
The Great Depression #17
• What group of Americans was hit hardest by the
Great Depression?
▫ The poorest of the poor
The Great Depression #18
• Why did Franklin D. Roosevelt appeal to
American voters in the election of 1932?
▫ He was willing to use the Federal Government to
intervene and try to pull America out of the
Depression. As governor of New York he
implemented plans to help his suffering citizens.
The Great Depression #19
• Who were the Bonus Army? What did they want
from the Federal Government?
▫ A group of WWI veterans and their families who
marched to Washington D.C. in May, 1932. They
wanted a bonus for their service scheduled to be
paid in 1945 to be paid immediately.
The Great Depression #20
• New Deal programs such as the Civilian
Conservation Corps (CCC) and the Works
Progress Administration (WPA) were designed
to help what group?
▫ The unemployed!!
Rise of Dictators #1
• Why was the League of Nations ineffective?
▫ The U.S. was not a member
▫ It could not use military force
Rise of Dictators #2
• What did France and Great Britain want to avoid
at all costs in dealing with nations unsatisfied
with the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
▫ Armed conflict! This led to the development of
their policy of appeasement
Rise of Dictators #3
• What were the key factors in the rise of
totalitarian governments in post WWI Europe?
▫ The terms of treaty of Versailles!
Rise of Dictators #4
• Where did Japan turn for raw materials and
natural resources after Germany signed a nonaggression pact with the Soviet Union?
▫ Colonies of the Western powers in SE Asia & the
Chinese mainland
Rise of Dictators #5
• What terms of the Treaty of Versailles led to the
rise of totalitarian states in Germany and Italy?
▫ Italy felt they should have received more land for
their leaving the Triple Alliance and fighting on
the side of the Allies
▫ Germany got hammered by the terms of the
Treaty!
Rise of Dictators #6
• What is fascism?
▫ A form of totalitarian government where citizens
put the needs of the state ahead of their individual
needs. Usually led by a powerful dictator
(Mussolini, Hitler)
Rise of Dictators #7
• Why did the Nazi party and Adolph Hitler
appeal to many Germans in the early 1930’s?
▫ They were preaching Germany nationalism, that
Germans were the superior race, and they were
going to take revenge on those who punished
them!
▫ Promised to end the economic struggle
Rise of Dictators #8
• What historical event contributed to the rise of
fascism in Germany and Italy?
▫ WWI and the resulting Treaty of Versailles
Rise of Dictators #9
• How did Italy, Germany, and Japan try to solve
their economic problems?
▫ Through conquest – expansion of their territory
Rise of Dictators #10
• Who supported Francisco Franco’s fascist
regime in Spain?
▫ Germany & Italy
Rise of Dictators #11
• What shift in American foreign policy was
evident by the passage of the Cash Carry and
Lend Lease Acts?
▫ A shift from neutrality to helping our allies combat
the Axis powers
Rise of Dictators #12
• How did Hitler end Germany’s economic woes?
▫ By beginning to rebuild the military, despite the
fact they were not allowed to do so according to
the Treaty of Versailles
Rise of Dictators #13
• What was the policy of appeasement? What was
its goal?
▫ To meet some of the demands of nations
unsatisfied with the terms of the Treaty of
Versailles (TOV) in an attempt to avoid armed
conflict.
Rise of Dictators #14
• How is the United States’ foreign policy from the
end of WWI to its entry in WWII best described?
▫ Isolationist/neutral
Rise of Dictators #15
• According to the TOV, was Germany allowed to
rebuild its military?
▫ NO!
Rise of Dictators #16
• What is the enabling act? What leader used it as
a legal basis for his power?
▫ It allowed the Germany constitution to be
suspended for 4 years and for the leaders to pass
any laws necessary for the benefit of the country.
It was used by Hitler
Rise of Dictators #17
• Who did Hitler blame Germany’s defeat in WWI
on?
▫ The Jews
Rise of Dictators #18
• After invading Czechoslovakia, what country did
Hitler invade next in 1939?
▫ Poland
Rise of Dictators #19
• What were the Nuremberg Laws?
▫ A series of laws designed to separate true Germans
from Jews
Rise of Dictators #20
• What was Germany’s military strategy for the
invasion of Poland? What does it mean?
▫ Blitzkrieg – lightning war
Rise of Dictators #21
• What did Hitler believe about the Western
European states willingness to enforce the terms
of the TOV?
▫ He believed they would do nothing, especially
militarily
Rise of Dictators #22
• What fascist made a non aggression pact with a
communist, despite being traditional enemies?
▫ Hitler made this pact with Joseph Stalin and the
Soviet Union
Rise of Dictators #23
• What did the Lend-Lease Act allow the U.S.
government to do?
▫ Provide supplies/aid to our allies in Europe
Rise of Dictators #24
• When did WWII officially begin?
▫ When Germany invaded Poland in September,
1939
Rise of Dictators #25
• What prompted the U.S. to enter WWII?
▫ Japanese bombing a naval base at Pearl Harbor,
Hawaii
Rise of Dictators #26
• After the U.S. declared war on Japan what two
countries declared war on us?
▫ Germany and Italy
Rise of Dictators #27
• Who did the Nazi’s believe was the master race?
▫ They were! Aryans.