Transcript 56The Legacy of WWII

1. THE LEGACY OF WWII
 US policy:
 Interventionists = United Nations
• Human cost
• Holocaust
– Nuremberg Trials—1946
– Toyko Trials
 The Cold War 1946 to 1989
 WWII today
UN
U.S.A
*
**
Soviet Union
*Great Britain
**France
Limited •Founders of the United
Military
No 1945
Self
Nations in
1
Party
State
Democracy
Dictatorship
Government
China
•Permanent seats on the Security Council.
Dictatorship
Communism
No Government
Democracy
•Replaced
the League
of Nations toMonarchy
promote world
peace
The Creation of the U. N.
50 to 60 million people die
US spent $300 billion
National debt $252 billion
WW II
Casualties:
Europe
Each symbol indicates
100,000 dead in the
appropriate theater of
operations
WW II
Casualties:
Asia
Each symbol indicates
100,000 dead in the
appropriate theater of
operations
Men in
war
Battle
deaths
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Brazil2
Bulgaria
Canada
China3
1,000,000
800,000
625,000
40,334
339,760
1,086,3437
17,250,521
26,976
280,000
8,460
943
6,671
42,0427
1,324,516
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
—
6,6834
—
4,339
500,000
79,047
—
201,568
20,000,000 3,250,0004
Country
1.
Wounded 2.
180,864 3.
350,117
55,5131
4,222
21,878
53,145
1,762,006 4.
8,017 5.
—
50,000 6.
400,000
7,250,000
7.
Civilians only.
Army and navy figures.
Figures cover July 7,
1937 to Sept. 2, 1945,
and concern only
Chinese regular troops.
Do not include
casualties suffered by
guerrillas and local
military corps.
Deaths from all causes.
Against Soviet Russia;
385,847 against Nazi
Germany.
Against Soviet Russia;
169,822 against Nazi
Germany.
National Defense Ctr.,
Canadian Forces Hq.,
Director of History.
Country
Greece
Hungary
India
Italy
Japan
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Romania
South Africa
U.S.S.R.
United
Kingdom
United States
Yugoslavia
Men
in war
Battle
deaths Wounded
—
17,024
—
147,435
2,393,891
32,121
3,100,000
149,4964
9,700,000 1,270,000
280,000
6,500
194,000
11,6254
75,000
2,000
—
664,000
650,0005
350,0006
410,056
2,473
20,000,000 6,115,0004
5,896,000
357,1164
16,112,566
3,741,000
291,557
305,000
47,290
89,313
64,354
66,716
140,000
2,860
17,000
—
530,000
—
—
14,012,000
369,267
670,846
425,000
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Civilians only.
Army and navy figures.
Figures cover July 7,
1937 to Sept. 2, 1945,
and concern only
Chinese regular troops.
Do not include
casualties suffered by
guerrillas and local
military corps.
Deaths from all causes.
Against Soviet Russia;
385,847 against Nazi
Germany.
Against Soviet Russia;
169,822 against Nazi
Germany.
National Defense Ctr.,
Canadian Forces Hq.,
Director of History.
Country
Men in war
Battle
deaths
Wounded
Australia
1,000,000
26,976
180,864
Austria
800,000
280,000
350,117
Belgium
625,000
8,460
55,5131
40,334
943
4,222
339,760
6,671
21,878
Canada
1,086,3437
42,0427
53,145
China3
17,250,521
1,324,516
1,762,006
Czechoslovakia
—
6,6834
8,017
Denmark
—
4,339
—
Finland
500,000
79,047
50,000
France
—
201,568
400,000
20,000,000
3,250,0004
7,250,000
Greece
—
17,024
47,290
Hungary
—
147,435
89,313
India
2,393,891
32,121
64,354
Italy
3,100,000
149,4964
66,716
Japan
9,700,000
1,270,000
140,000
Netherlands
280,000
6,500
2,860
New Zealand
194,000
11,6254
17,000
75,000
2,000
—
—
664,000
530,000
650,0005
350,0006
—
410,056
2,473
—
—
6,115,0004
14,012,000
5,896,000
357,1164
369,267
16,112,566
291,557
670,846
Brazil2
Bulgaria
Germany
Norway
Poland
Romania
South Africa
U.S.S.R.
United Kingdom
United States
WW II
Casualties
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Civilians only.
Army and navy figures.
Figures cover period July 7, 1937
to Sept. 2, 1945, and concern
only Chinese regular troops.
They do not include casualties
suffered by guerrillas and local
military corps.
Deaths from all causes.
Against Soviet Russia; 385,847
against Nazi Germany.
Against Soviet Russia; 169,822
against Nazi Germany.
National Defense Ctr., Canadian
Forces Hq., Director of History.
HUMAN
DISLOATIONS
• Great destruction resulting in the
extensive loss of life, especially
by fire
• The genocide of European Jews
and other “undesirables” by the
Nazis during World War II
• Hitler killed over 12 million
“undesirables” which 6 million
were Jews in his concentration
camps
• My first and foremost task will be the
annihilation of the Jews.
• "All the human culture, all the results
of art, science, and technology that
we see before us today, are almost
exclusively the creative product of the
Aryan..."
• "The mightiest counterpart to the
Aryan is represented by the Jew."
• "And so I believe to-day that my
conduct is in accordance with the will
of the Almighty Creator. In standing
guard against the Jew I am defending
the handiwork of the Lord."
• The final solution itself ...
to put it bluntly, the
extermination of the Jews,
was not provided for by
Reich Law.
• It was a Führer's Order, a
so-called Führer's Order.
Adolf Eichmann, 1960-61
A Common Enemy
• Hitler blames Jews for
problems of Germany
•Loss of WWI
•German Economic Depression
• Jews identified as a “race” –
not a religion
•A New Education Begins
• Save Germany from impurities
•Aryan Virtues----Nuremberg Laws
nuremberg
Three Phases of Hatred
• Phase 1 1933-1939
– A Common Enemy : Re-Education
– Citizenship Rights?
– German Jews face deportation
– Violence Escalates----Kristalnacht
• Phase 2 (1939-1945)
– World War II Declared (England and France)
– Ghettos and Forced Labor Camps
– Germans begin mass executions of European
Jews and Eastern Europeans.
– Einzsengruben death squads
• Phase 3: The Final Solution
– Move to concentration camps
– Mass extermination with gas chambers
Death
Camps
Auschwitz was the main death camp
Holoc
aust
Genocide: Policy of exterminating a race of
people…..Nazi policy from 1941 to 1945.
Nazi leaders being tried for war crimes and crimes against civilians:
Established the principle: That individuals are responsible for the
actions regardless if they are carrying out orders…….
trial
Crimes against peace, humanity—war crimes
Important principle established:
Individuals responsible for their actions
trial
Several Nazi leaders would be found guilty for crimes against
humanity. Punishments ranged from prison sentences up to life and
execution by hanging…...
Japanese War Crimes Trials
General
Hideki Tojo
Bio-Chemical
Experiments
on humans!
Yalta
Yalta Conference
shaped the post
WWII world. The
lasting effect was:
“You cannot trust
the words of a
dictator”.
KEY DECISIONS
Created a United Nations
Germany and Berlin divided into 4 zones
controlled by the Allies
Eastern European countries allowed “free
elections”
Stalin signed agreements but Eastern
Europe would stay under Soviet control.
coldwar
Soviet Goals
American Goals
• Wanted to rebuild Europe
in ways that would help
the Soviet Union recover
from the huge losses it
suffered during the war
• Wanted to establish
Soviet satellite nations,
countries subject to
Soviet domination and
sympathetic to Soviet
goals
• Wanted to promote the
spread of communism
throughout the world
• Wanted conquered
European nations to
experience the democracy
and economic opportunity
that the United States had
fought for during the war
• Wanted to develop strong
capitalist economies,
which would provide good
markets for American
products
coldwar
•Uneasy peace between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.
•Competition for world dominance and global power.
•Fought on political and economic fronts rather than on
military battlefields---------Even though the threat of war
was always present.
•Defined America’s foreign policy from 1946 to 1989.
•It affected domestic politics and how Americans viewed
the world and themselves.
•Constant state of military preparedness and arms race
Propaganda war----Democracy vs Communism
US policy: Support nations threatened by Communism
N
A
T
O
Communistic
Warsaw Pact
Communistic
Warsaw Pact
The Bi-Polarization of Europe:
map/cold war
The Beginning of the Cold War
1950’s
Democracy vs. Communism
Bi-Polarization of the World
US, Allied Nations
and Allied colonies.
Soviet Union/China and
Allies……..
•The world would now live with the threat of
nuclear war.
•Arms race between Soviet Union and U.S.
who could build the most nuclear weapons.
•U.S. would use nuclear weapons as a
“deterrent”
•Peace through strength……
•“nuclear diplomacy”
atomic bomb
map/cold war
1950’s
Containment:
Stop the
expansion of
Communism
in Asia and
Europe
US, Allied Nations
and Allied colonies.
Soviet Union/China and
Allies……..
X
Berlin
Blockade
1947-8
Eastern
Europe
1946
Soviet Union
1918
China
1949
X
Korean War
1950 to 1953
CONTAINMENT
Marshall Plan
Berlin Airlift
NATO
Korean War
Communist Expansion
A Chronology of Events
7 Future American Presidents Lives
Were Formed by Their Service in
World War II
The Race for Space
Early Computer Technology
Came Out of WW II
Colossus, 1941
Mark I, 1944
Admiral Grace Hooper,
1944-1992
COBOL language
The De-Colonization of European Empires
The Emergence of Third World
Nationalist Movements