Transcript Chapter 16 Section 5 Powerpoint Notes

Ch. 16.5 Europe and Japan in Ruins
I. Devastation in Europe
A. A Harvest of Destruction
1. After 6 years of fighting 60 million people had died
2. 50 million more were uprooted from their homes wandering
the countryside looking for a place to live
A. A Harvest of Destruction
3. In 1939 in Warsaw, Poland the population was 1.3 mil; by
Jan. 1945 their were only 153,000 people were left
4. 95% of the central area of Berlin was destroyed by Allie
bombs
B. Misery Continues After the War
1. As a result of production revolving around war products food
harvests were ignored as well as transportation systems
being destroyed preventing distribution
2. This resulted in added deaths from famine and disease
II. Postwar Governments and Politics
A. Changes in Leadership
1. Germany, Italy, and France looked for change and it came in
the form of the Communist Party since many of the
resistance fighters were communist
2. In Italy and France the Communist Party promised change
which is what the citizens wanted to hear
A. Changes in Leadership
3. The first postwar elections went well for the Communists but
they wanted to speed up the political process so they staged
some violent strikes
4. This turned off the citizens who eventually vote for the anticommunist figures which ended the Communist Party’s
influence
B. The Nuremberg Trials
1. 1945-1946 an International Military Tribunal representing 23
nations put Nazi war criminals on trial in Nuremberg,
Germany; Nuremberg Trials
2. Adolf Hitler, SS chief Heinrich Himmler, and Minister of
Propaganda Joesph Goebbels committed suicide long before
the trials began
B. The Nuremberg Trials
3. Ten Nazi leaders were hanged on October 16,1946 and were
then burned inside the ovens of Dachau as a symbol of what
they did to millions
4. Only Hans Frank “Slayer of Poles” showed any remorse
III. Postwar Japan
A. Occupied Japan
1. Two million lives had been lost; Tokyo lay in ruins; Hiroshima
and Nagasaki had been turned into blackened wastelands as
a result of the Atomic bomb
A. Occupied Japan
2. General MacArthur began the process of demilitarization or
disbanding of the Japanese armed forces; leaving them a
small police force
3. Democratization was created to install a government elected
by the people
A. Occupied Japan
4. In February 1946 MacArthur & his advisors create a new
constitution which changed Japan to a constitutional
monarchy like Great Britain