Transcript WORLD WAR II THE WAR IN EUROPE

WORLD WAR II
PRELUDE TO GLOBAL WAR
EXPANSION
1936: GERMAN TROOPS MOVE INTO THE
RHINELAND (WESTERN GERMANY)
VIOLATION OF THE VERSAILLES TREATY
GERMAN ARMY: NOT READY TO FIGHT
BRITAIN AND FRANCE DID NOT RESIST
AXIS POWERS
1936: HITLER AND MUSSOLINI SIGN
AN ALLIANCE
LATER JOINED BY: JAPAN
GERMAN EMPIRE GROWS
MARCH 1938: HITLER ANNEXED
AUSTRIA (ANSCHLUSS)
BRITAIN AND FRANCE PROTESTED
“GERMAN-AUSTRIAN AFFAIRS WERE
THE CONCERN OF THE GERMAN
PEOPLE”
ANSCHLUSS
GERMAN EMPIRE GROWS
1938: HITLER DEMANDS SUDETENLAND
EASTERN CZECHOSLOVAKIA WITH A
HEAVY GERMAN POPULATION
AVOIDING WAR
SEPTEMBER 1938:
REPRESENTATIVES FROM ENGLAND,
FRANCE, GERMANY, AND ITALY MEET
IN MUNICH, GERMANY
ENGLAND: NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN
FRANCE: EDOUARD DALADIER
GERMANY: HITLER
ITALY: MUSSOLINI
MUNICH PACT
BRITAIN AND FRANCE: FOLLOWED A POLICY
OF APPEASEMENT:
GIVING IN TO SOMEONE’S DEMANDS IN
ORDER TO KEEP THE PEACE
WHY?
HITLER COULD HAVE THE SUDETENLAND
(AND THAT IS IT!)
REACTIONS
CHAMBERLAIN RETURNS HOME A
HERO
WINSTON CHURCHILL (PARLIAMENT):
“Britain and France had to choose
between war and dishonor. They chose
dishonor. They will have war.”
SIX MONTHS LATER
HITLER ANNEXED THE REST OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA
BRITAIN AND FRANCE: “ANY FURTHER EXPANSION
RISKED WAR”
HITLER – SIGNS TREATY WITH SOVIET UNION
“NON-AGGRESSION PACT” – BITTER ENEMIES
COMMITTED TO NEVER TO ATTACK EACH OTHER
(IMPORTANCE?)
2ND SECRET PACT: DIVIDE POLAND BETWEEN THEM
POLAND
SEPTEMBER 1, 1939: GERMANY INVADES
POLAND
BRITAIN AND
FRANCE DECLARE
WAR ON GERMANY
BLITZKRIEG
TACTIC USED IN INVADING POLAND
“LIGHTING WAR”
LUFTWAFFE – BOMBED BASES, AIRFIELDS,
RAILROADS, CITIES
TANKS, ARTILLERY, SOLDIERS MOVED IN BY
TRUCK
OVERRAN POLAND IN LESS THAN 1 MONTH
SIT DOWN WAR
“SITZKRIEG”
GERMAN TROOPS SAT AND WATCHED
FRENCH TROOPS ON MAGINOT LINE
ALONG THE FRANCE-GERMANY BORDER
“PHONY WAR” – AMERICAN PRESS
DOMINATION
APRIL 9, 1940: DENMARK AND NORWAY
MAY 10, 1940: BELGIUM, THE NETHERLANDS
JUNE 14, 1940: GERMAN TROOPS ENTER PARIS
(FRENCH SURRENDER)
FRENCH TROOPS: RETREATED TO G.B. (340,000
TROOP ACROSS THE ENGLISH CHANNEL)
CHARLES DE GAULLE: “FRANCE HAS LOST A
BATTLE, BUT HAS NOT LOST THE WAR”
DOMINATION
IN LESS THAN 3 MONTHS: HITLER
CONQUERED MOST OF WESTERN
EUROPE
GREAT BRITAIN STOOD ALONE
BATTLE OF BRITAIN
GREATEST AIR ASSAULT THE WORLD HAD
YET SEEN
1000 PLANES A DAY BOMBED BRITAIN
RAF (ROYAL AIR FORCE) OUTNUMBERED
DECEMBER 1940: LONDON BOMBED (1500
FIRES BROKE OUT)
BRITISH WOULD NOT BACK DOWN
(CHURCHILL)
JUNE 1941: HITLER ENDED THE BOMBING
LONDON DURING BATTLE OF BRITAIN
British children huddled together in a makeshift bomb shelter experience a
range of emotions as they endure an attack by Hitler's air force
JAPAN
1931: JAPAN’S ARMY SEIZED MANCHURIA
(CHINA)
BY 1940: CONTROLLED MOST OF EASTERN
CHINA
BECAME AN ALLY OF GERMANY AND ITALY
SIGNED A NEUTRALITY ACT WITH:
SOVIET UNION
AMERICAN RESPONSE?
ENOUGH PROBLEMS AT HOME
ISOLATIONISM
FDR WAS CONCERNED WITH
JAPANESE
FDR: MOVED THE AMERICAN PACIFIC
FLEET FROM SAN DIEGO, CA, TO
PEARL HARBOR IN HAWAII
INVOLVEMENT GROWS
GERMAN AGGRESSION SCARED MANY AMERICANS
1ST PEACETIME DRAFT
1940: FDR ELECTED TO A 3RD TERM
CONGRESS PASSED LEND-LEASE ACT
LEND-LEASE ACT: U.S. WOULD LEND OR LEASE
ARMS AND OTHER SUPPLIES TO ANY COUNTRY
WHOSE DEFENSE WAS VITAL TO THE U.S.
PEARL HARBOR
JAPANESE BEGAN TAKING OVER FRENCH
COLONIES IN INDOCHINA
U.S. CUT OFF TRADE WITH JAPAN
OCTOBER 1941: GENERAL HIDEKI TOJO
BECAME PRIME MINISTER
U.S. GOVERNMENT CRACKED SECRET
CODES ABOUT JAPAN WANTING TO SEIZE
MORE TERRITORY
PEARL HARBOR
DECEMBER 7, 1941: SUNDAY 7:00 AM
AMERICAN ARMY OPERATOR REPORTED
THAT PLANES WERE HEADED TOWARD HIM
HEADQUARTERS: AMERICAN PLANES
“DON’T WORRY”
180 JAPANESE WAR PLANES WERE
OVERHEAD
MOST OF THE PACIFIC FLEET WAS IN THE
HARBOR (LESS THAN 3 SQUARE MILES)
PEARL HARBOR
OVER BY 9:45 A.M.
RESULTS:
2400 DEAD
1200 WOUNDED
300 WAR PLANES DESTROYED
18 WARSHIPS DESTROYED (8 OF THE 9
BATTLESHIPS)
3 AIRCRAFT CARRIERS WERE AT SEA
JAPAN: LOST 29 PLANES
REACTIONS
AMERICANS STUNNED
FDR: “December 7, 1941, a date which
will live in infamy”
DECLARED WAR ON JAPAN THE NEXT
DAY
3 DAYS LATER: GERMANY AND ITALY
DECLARE WAR ON THE U.S.