Transcript World War II

Second Verse, Worst than the First!
Hitler’s Goals for Nazi
Germany (1933-1939):
 Avenge the humiliation of the Treaty of
Versailles by reestablishing German
Empire (Third Reich)
 Bring Germany out of the Great
Depression
 Acquire “living space” in Eastern Europe
(Hunger Plan)
The Versailles Treaty (1919)
A Weak League of Nations
1. German Rearmament
(Mar.9,1935)
 Created new air force (Luftwaffe)
 Institutes military draft
 France, Italy, & Britain protested
but took NO ACTION!
2. Appeasement
3. Rome-Berlin Axis, 1936
The “Pact of Steel”
4.Germany Invades the
Rhineland
March 7, 1936
5. The Austrian Anschluss, 1938
6. The “Problem” of the
Sudetenland
Appeasement: The Munich
Agreement, 1938
British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain
Now we have “peace in our time!” Herr
Hitler is a man we can do business with.
Time Magazine’s Man of the Year
(1938)
7. Czechoslovakia Becomes Part
of the Third Reich: 1939
8. The Nazi-Soviet
Non-Aggression Pact, 1939
9.Poland Attacked: Sept. 1, 1939
Blitzkrieg [“Lightening War”]
European Theater of Operations
Japan’s Goals (1931-1941):
 Protect themselves from perceived foreign
threats (China, Soviet Union, & Western
imperialist powers)
 Prove to the Western world that it was
an equal power
 Acquire much needed goods and resources
 Acquire more land to provide food and
relief from surging population growth
Japan Invades Manchuria, 1931
The Japanese Invasion
of China, 1937
Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis, 1940
The Tripartite Pact
The Japanese Invasion
of Southeast Asia, 1941
Farthest Extent
of Japanese Conquests
Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941
A date which will live in infamy!
President Roosevelt Signs the
US Declaration of War
Allied Counter-Offensive:
“Island-Hopping”
Destruction in Cologne, Germany
London after “the Blitz”
Guernica
by Pablo
Picasso
Hiroshima – August 6, 1945
© 70,000 killed
immediately.
© 48,000 buildings.
destroyed.
© 100,000s died of
radiation poisoning &
cancer later.
Nagasaki – August 9, 1945
© 40,000 killed
immediately.
© 60,000 injured.
© 100,000s died of
radiation poisoning
& cancer later.
Japanese A-Bomb Survivors
WW II Casualties
Horrors
of the Holocaust Exposed
Horrors
of the Holocaust Exposed
Entrance to
Auschwitz:
Work Makes You
Free
Crematoria
at
Majdanek
Horrors
of the Holocaust Exposed
Eli Wiesel
Slave Labor at Buchenwald
Horrors
of the Holocaust Exposed
Mass Graves at Bergen-Belsen
Massive Human Dislocations
Post-WWII Europe
COMPARISON:
WWII RECOVERY
CONTRIBUTING
NATION
METHOD OF
CONTRIBUTION
MILITARY RESULTS
ECONOMIC RESULTS
OUTCOME TODAY
WESTERN
EUROPE
JAPAN
COMPARISON:
WWII RECOVERY
CONTRIBUTING
NATION
METHOD OF
CONTRIBUTION
MILITARY RESULTS
ECONOMIC RESULTS
OUTCOME TODAY
WESTERN
EUROPE
United States
JAPAN
COMPARISON:
WWII RECOVERY
CONTRIBUTING
NATION
METHOD OF
CONTRIBUTION
MILITARY RESULTS
ECONOMIC RESULTS
OUTCOME TODAY
WESTERN
EUROPE
JAPAN
United States
United States
COMPARISON:
WWII RECOVERY
WESTERN
EUROPE
JAPAN
CONTRIBUTING
NATION
United States
United States
METHOD OF
CONTRIBUTION
Marshall Plan
MILITARY RESULTS
ECONOMIC RESULTS
OUTCOME TODAY
COMPARISON:
WWII RECOVERY
WESTERN
EUROPE
JAPAN
CONTRIBUTING
NATION
United States
United States
METHOD OF
CONTRIBUTION
Marshall Plan
Occupation
MILITARY RESULTS
ECONOMIC RESULTS
OUTCOME TODAY
COMPARISON:
WWII RECOVERY
WESTERN
EUROPE
JAPAN
CONTRIBUTING
NATION
United States
United States
METHOD OF
CONTRIBUTION
Marshall Plan
Occupation
MILITARY RESULTS
ECONOMIC RESULTS
OUTCOME TODAY
NATO
COMPARISON:
WWII RECOVERY
WESTERN
EUROPE
JAPAN
CONTRIBUTING
NATION
United States
United States
METHOD OF
CONTRIBUTION
Marshall Plan
Occupation
NATO
Forbidden to maintain military
forces (new constitution)
MILITARY RESULTS
ECONOMIC RESULTS
OUTCOME TODAY
COMPARISON:
WWII RECOVERY
WESTERN
EUROPE
JAPAN
CONTRIBUTING
NATION
United States
United States
METHOD OF
CONTRIBUTION
Marshall Plan
Occupation
NATO
Forbidden to maintain military
forces (new constitution)
MILITARY RESULTS
ECONOMIC RESULTS
OUTCOME TODAY
European Economic
Community
(a.k.a. Common Market)
COMPARISON:
WWII RECOVERY
WESTERN
EUROPE
JAPAN
CONTRIBUTING
NATION
United States
United States
METHOD OF
CONTRIBUTION
Marshall Plan
Occupation
NATO
Forbidden to maintain military
forces (new constitution)
MILITARY RESULTS
ECONOMIC RESULTS
OUTCOME TODAY
European Economic
Community
(a.k.a. Common Market)
“Japanese Miracle”
COMPARISON:
WWII RECOVERY
WESTERN
EUROPE
JAPAN
CONTRIBUTING
NATION
United States
United States
METHOD OF
CONTRIBUTION
Marshall Plan
Occupation
NATO
Forbidden to maintain military
forces (new constitution)
MILITARY RESULTS
ECONOMIC RESULTS
OUTCOME TODAY
European Economic
Community
(a.k.a. Common Market)
European Union (EU)
“Japanese Miracle”
COMPARISON:
WWII RECOVERY
WESTERN
EUROPE
JAPAN
CONTRIBUTING
NATION
United States
United States
METHOD OF
CONTRIBUTION
Marshall Plan
Occupation
NATO
Forbidden to maintain military
forces (new constitution)
MILITARY RESULTS
ECONOMIC RESULTS
OUTCOME TODAY
European Economic
Community
(a.k.a. Common Market)
“Japanese Miracle”
European Union (EU)
Economic growth slowed;
Political stagnation;
Revived Nationalism
The Marshall Plan (1948)
The Marshall Plan (1948)
1. “European Recovery
Program.”
2. Secretary of State,
George Marshall
3. The U. S. should provide
aid to all European nations
that need it. This move
is not against any country or doctrine,
but against hunger, poverty, desperation,
and chaos.
4. $12.5 billion of US aid to Western
Europe extended to Eastern Europe &
USSR, [but this was rejected].
The European Union
The Evolution of the EU
U.S. Occupied Japan (1945-52)
The Japanese “Economic Miracle”
The Japanese “Economic Miracle”
Reasons for Japan’s “Economic Miracle”
(1) U. S. Aid: Due in large part to concern about the spread of communism in Russia, China,
North Korea and Vietnam, America (and to some extent other members of the Allied Forces)
provided technological and economic experts to train their Japanese counterparts.
(ii) Destruction of the Old Order: With the pre-War military and political factions
thoroughly discredited, the new political leaders could make policy decisions without considering
the interests of the pre-War elites.
(iii) Urgency of the Political and Economic Crisis: As with the beginning of the Meiji
period, the sense of urgency associated with rebuilding the economy in order to preserve the
national interest helped to galvanize support at all levels of society for the self-sacrifices that
were necessary to restore and indeed surpass the level of development that had been attained up
to WWII.
(iv) Eager and Plentiful Labor Force: After the war, 6 million soldiers and civilians returned
from Japan’s overseas colonies and “spheres of interest”; with such a large workforce in need of
employment, the cost of production was very low, allowing Japan to produce goods which could
effectively compete on the international market.
(v) Confucian Ethic: A final factor was the cultural force of Confucian ethics, which supported
the principle of sacrificing the needs of the individual for the greater needs of the collective.
[cf. Ezra F. Vogel, The Four Little Dragons: The Spread of Industrialization in East Asia (Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press, 1991), 83-112]
The Creation of the U. N.
Global Economic Institutions
The Nuremberg War Trials:
Crimes Against Humanity
Japanese War Crimes Trials
General
Hideki Tojo
Bio-Chemical
Experiments