Transcript Holocaust Dictionary

Bergen – Belsen is located in Lower Saxony, Germany.
It was established in 1943 and was meant to hold people
designated for foreign exchange with German Nationals. In
March 1944 it went from a detention camp to a
concentration camp. The first people who were brought
there were classified as “unfit for work.” They were put into a
section f the camp with terrible living conditions. In August
1944 a new section was added to house women , but there
was no water or facilities. On December 2, 1944 Joesph
Kramer took over the camp and the first thing he did was
make it an official camp. From January to mid April of 1945,
35,000 people had died or were killed. On April 15, 1945
Bergen – Belsen was liberated by the British Army.
“Bergen – Belsen.” Learning About the Holocaust. 2001. Print
View of
Bergen-Belsen
concentration
camp.
Germany,
date
uncertain
http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_ph.php?MediaId=1802
Between the years of 1938 and 1939 German
Gypsies were sent to Buchenwald. Buchenwald was
not a death camp but thousands died from being over
worked, hunger, disease, and systematic violence.
Work hours were from 6am to 5pm and a ½ hour break
was for food. The food was usually a watery turnip soup
and bread made from sawdust. When roll was called in
the morning most were dead. Some of the bodies were
propped up to be accounted for. In April 1945 British
and United States liberated Buchenwald.
Drowning. David. The Nazi Death Camps. Milwaukee :
World Almanac Library, 2006. Print
A view of
barracks in the
Buchenwald
concentration
camp. This
photograph was
taken after the
liberation of the
camp.
Buchenwald,
Germany, after
April 11, 1945.
http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_ph.php?MediaId=1513
Chelmno was the first death camp created in
December of 1941 near the polish village of Chelmno.
Chelmo was not under Himmers direct control.
Himmler was the leader of the SS. On December 8,
1941, the first gassing at Chelmno began. Only some
estimates agree that around 155,000 deaths
happened. Later in July the final victims were driven
in special vans to there deaths. The vans were
equipped with gas to kill them. Any reaming people
were shipped to Auschwitz.
Lace. William. The Death Camps .San Diego: Lucent
Books, 1998. Print
Jews from the
Lodz ghetto are
forced to transfer
to a narrowgauge railroad
at Kolo during
deportation to
the Chelmno
extermination
camp. Kolo,
Poland, probably
1942.
http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_ph.php?MediaId=668
Dachau was opened in 1933, 10 miles away from the city of
Munich. At first political enemies of the Nazi party were sent
there. Then in April of 1933 the SS took over the camp. Upon
arrival to camp, prisoners were taken of all possessions and
rights. Then they were given a number and a colored
triangle to indicate what race they were. Dachau was the
site of medical experiments and having prisoners do private
work. The sick and the weak were killed systematically. From
October 1941 to April of 1942 Soviet prisoners were executed
by the SS. In 1945 7,000 prisoners were forced to march South
by the SS, and were shot if falling behind. Dachau was
liberated on April 29, 1945. Following the war, 40 Dachau SS
guards were captured and tried. 34 of the guards were put
to death.
“Dachau.” The Holocaust. 1997. Print
View of
prisoners'
barracks
soon after
the
liberation of
the Dachau
concentrati
on camp.
Dachau,
Germany,
May 3, 1945
http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_ph.php?MediaId=1482
Mauthausen is a concentration camp in upper Austria.
The camp was used at first for criminals and German Political
criminals. The camp was then used to accommodate
overflow from Dachau in may of 1938. The camp was
growing at such a fast rate satellite camps were set up
around it. Conditions at the camp were terrible, death rates
were the highest of all the camps. When prisoners were
killed, they used phenol injection until a gas chamber was
built in 1942. The Jews were singled out for the harshest
treatment. Most of the Jews died within a week of arriving.
Toward the end of the war, Mauthausen was at its capacity.
What the camp did was prepare a mass grave to kill all who
were still living. American troops liberated Mauthausen in
May of 1945.
“Mauthasuen.” The Holocaust. 1997. Print
An American
soldier and
liberated
prisoners of
the
Mauthausen
concentratio
n camp.
Austria, May
1945
http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_ph.php?MediaId=864
Westerbork was originally used for housing
German Jews. They were refugees who entered
the Netherlands illegally during Krystall Nacht.
Westerbork is located in Northeastern Dutch
providence of Drenthe. At the end of 1941the
Germans changed the camp to one of the three
transit camps. On July 14, 1942 the final solution
was announced and 100,000 Jews were
deported to Auschwitz or Sobidor. In April of 1945
the camp was liberated.
“Westerbork.” The Holocaust. 1997. Print
Train station in the
Westerbork camp.
Westerbork, the
Netherlands,
between 1942 and
1944.
http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_ph.php?MediaId=493