Transcript WWII

Bell Ringer:
 Write down one question you want to ask a prospected
Superintendent.
APUSH
Today’s Objective:
 Take notes and complete written activity on America’s
responses to aggression.
Rise of Nationalism (8:15)
New Deal –WWII Presidents
 Franklin D. Roosevelt– 1933-1945 (died in office)
 New Deal, Neutrality policy, WWII involvement after Pearl
Harbor Attack 12/7/41
 Harry S. Truman– 1945-1953
 FDR’s VP, Decision to drop 2 atomic bombs on Japan ended the
war in the Pacific.
Problems in Europe After
WWI
Great Depression
•Economic = people were jobless
•Political = weak governments
could not solve problems in their
countries………..Fear of Jews and
Communists
•Social = times of unrest people
look for a leader.
•Power of government rests in one man.
•TOTAL POWER
•No freedoms in society…..
•Usually racist and discriminatory towards certain
groups……
•Government that takes total, centralized, state
control over every aspect of public and private life.
•Handles the problems of the people.
•Security over Freedom?
Growing Military Power
Chapter 17, Section 3
Democracy in Crisis
Rise of Nationalism
• After World War I, Japan had • Several radical groups
established a parliamentary
formed in response to the
government and granted
government’s perceived
many citizens the right to
weaknesses.
vote.
• Radicals demanded an end
• When economic conditions
to Western-style institutions
worsened during the 1920s,
and a return to traditional
many Japanese became
ways.
dissatisfied with multiparty
• These radicals assassinated
democratic government.
several business and
political leaders, hoping to
force the military to take
over the government.
Japan Invades
Manchuria
1931
•1931 into
Manchuria
•1937 into
China and
starts WWII in
Asia
•1937, U.S.
refuses trade
with Japan
until they
withdraw from
China…..
•1940 invades
Indochina
1. 1931---Japan invades Manchuria,
WWII begins in Asia
•
US and League of Nations demands
Japan to get out---Stimson Doctrine
2. 1935---Italy invades Ethiopia
•
L/N demands Italy to get out—No US sale
of weapons
•
L/N demands Germany to get out---US
Neutrality and refuses to sell arms to
Germany
•
US Neutrality----Spain becomes a fascist
dictatorship
•
US neutral but demands Japan to
withdraw and refuses to sell iron, steel
and gasoline products
•
Munich Conference--Great Britain and
France give into Hitler, Appeasement
US Neutral but FDR writes a letter to
Hitler & Mussolini asking them to
guarantee no more aggression.
3. 1936---Hitler invades the Rhineland
4. 1937 to 1939---Spanish Civil War
5. 1937---Japan invades China
6. 1938--Hitler takes Sudetenland
•
•1935: prohibited arms
shipments to all
belligerent countries.
•1936: forbid loans to
all belligerents
•1937: “Cash and
Carry” principle: all
nations must pay for
nonmilitary purchases
and ship the goods in
their own vessels
•1939: prohibited
Americans from
traveling on ships of
belligerent nations
•1940: Lend Lease
program offered to
Great Britain…. U.S.
becomes the “arsenal
of democracy”
•FDR responds to Fascist aggression in Europe by
protecting democracies and preparing the US for
war…..
atlantic1
•FDR and Winston
Churchill meet on
the USS Augusta in
the North Atlantic to
sign the Atlantic
Charter, August 12,
1941.
•They met together to make known certain common
principles of their respective countries on which they
base their hopes for a better future
for the world.
FIRST, freedom of speech and
expression, everywhere in the world.
SECOND, freedom of every person to
worship God in his own way,everywhere
in the world.
THIRD, freedom from want, which
translated into world terms, economic
and healthy peace time life, everywhere
in the world.
FOURTH, freedom from fear, worldwide
reduction of armaments, everywhere in
the world.
Other things FDR stated:
•The world order is to seek cooperation
of free countries, in a friendly civilized
society.
•Freedom means the supremacy of
human rights everywhere.
•FDR’s speech to
Congress in Jan.
1941 describing
the threat the
Axis Powers.
•FDR believed
American
security was
seriously
threatened and
believed the
struggle was
over American
democracy.
7. 1938, Hitler takes Czechoslovakia
•
Cannot trust “the words of a dictator”
8. Sept. 1, 1939, Hitler invades Poland
which begins WWII in Europe
•
Britain & France declare war on Germany
on Sept. 1, 1939. US neutral, extends Cash
and Carry Policy to Allies
•
US neutral--freezes German assets-begins military buildup
•
US neutral, begins peacetime draft—
Selective Service
11. 1940---Japan’s invades Indochina
•
US neutral but demands withdrawal and
freezes Japanese money, property and
embargo of oil, iron and steel.
12. 1940---Hitler attacks Great Britain
•
US neutral but extends Lend Lease policy
to Great Britain—last Democratic
Nation—Battle of Britian US becomes
the arsenal of democracy
9. 1940---Hitler’s inasion of Norway,
Denmark, Holland and Belgium
10. 1940---Hitler takes France
lend lease
The US offered Lend Lease as a last defense to stay out of war.
It was given to Britain during the Battle of Britain in 1940, the
Soviet Union after Hitler’s invasion in 1941 and China. The US
became the “arsenal of democracy”.
U. S. Lend-Lease Act,
1941, “ US becomes the arsenal
of democracy”
Great Britain.........................$31 billion
Soviet Union...........................$11 billion
France......................................$ 3 billion
China.......................................$1.5 billion
Other European.................$500 million
South America...................$400 million
The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000
WPS
 Should’ve the U.S. done anything different to prevents
the atrocities in WWII? Explain.
 By agreeing with the Lend Lease act did FDR think
that he was inevitably entering America into the War?
Explain why or why not.
 Share with a partner.
Video Activity:
 As you watch this video write a paragraph including
the following.
 What kind of emotions do you feel watching the video?
 What does the video make you think of the Japanese?
 If you lived during this time period would this have
made you change your opinion of Japanese? Why or why
not?
Pearl Harbor (25 min)
Partner Discussion:
 Discuss what you wrote with a partner.
•In less than 2 hours, the Pacific
Fleet lost two battleships, six
others were heavily battered and
nearly a dozen lesser vessels put
out of action.
•More than 150 planes were
wrecked; over 2,300 servicemen
were killed and 1,100 wounded.
•18 Army Aircorps aircraft
including bombers and fighters and
attack bombers were destroyed or
damaged on the ground.
•Over half the U.S. Pacific fleet was out
to sea, including the carriers.
•18 Army Aircorps aircraft including
bombers and fighters and attack
bombers were destroyed or damaged
on the ground.
•A few U.S. fighters struggled into the
air against the invaders and gave a
good account of themselves.
•A total of twenty-nine Japanese
aircraft were shot down by ground fire
and U.S pilots from various military
installations on Oahu.
JAPANESE
EXPANSION
•Dec. 7, 1941,
Japan attacks
Pearl Harbor
•US declares
war on Japan.
1942
•Philippines
•Bataan Death
March
map/japan
Bataan Death March: April, 1942
•Approximately 80,000 US and Filipino troops [12,000 Americans] surrendered
to the Japanese and were forced to march 60 miles to Camp O’Donnell.
•Several thousand died along the way from atrocities committed by the Japanese
soldiers.
Bataan Death March
“I was questioned by a Japanese officer, who found out that I had been in a Philippine Scout
Battalion. The (Japanese) hated the Scouts… anyway, they took me outside and I was forced to
watch as they buried six of my Scouts alive. They made the men dig their own graves, and then
had them kneel down in a pit. The guards hit them over the head with shovels to stun them and
piled earth on top.”
Lieutenant John Spainhower.
Quick Write
 Imagine you are living in America at this time. You
just previously witnessed the devastation at Pearl
Harbor and now you heard about the atrocities of the
Bataan Death March. What kind of views or opinions
might you have created about the Japanese people?
Could these new opinions lead to discrimination in
America?
Internment Camps: (16 min)
Japanese Justified or not?
•1944 Supreme
Court case,
Korematsu vs.
U.S., affirmed the
constitutionality
of this terrible
act.
•It took more than
40 years later
before the U.S.
admitted fault and
began to make
$20,000
reparations to
camp survivors
Exit Slip:
 Was the Executive order 9066 a correct decision to
make for the American people? Explain why or why
not?
Today’s Objective:
 Take notes on important ideas & events of WWII.
Attack
Hitler’s “soft
underbelly”
TURNING
POINT
BATTLES
1942
•Allied
invasion of
North Africa
•El Alamein
The North Africa Campaign:
The Battle of El Alamein, 1942
Gen. Ernst Rommel,
The “Desert Fox”
Gen. Bernard
Law
Montgomery
(“Monty”)
Attack
Hitler’s “soft
underbelly”
TURNING
POINT
BATTLES
1942
•Allied
invasion of
North Africa
•El Alamein
1943
•Battle of
Stalingrad.
The Italian Campaign
[“Operation Torch”] :
Europe’s “Soft Underbelly”
 Germans trapped in
Tunisia - surrender
over 275,000 troops
 George S. Patton
leads American troops
 First time Allied
powers were in
mainland Europe since
Dunkirk.
 Captured Rome and
the assassination of
Mussolini and
knocking Italy out of
the fight.
Operation Overlord
 June 6,1944
 Normandy beaches
 More than 3 million
troops.
Gen. Eisenhower Gives the Orders for
D-Day [“Operation Overlord”]
US General Dwight Eisenhower was chosen by
the Big 3 at the Tehran Conference (Nov. 28Dec. 1, 1943) as the Supreme Allied Commander
and was responsible for the D-Day Invasion.
Operation Overload!
 Both Germany and Allied




armies new that they needed
to find a way to inter
Northern Europe.
3 million soldiers gather in
Southern England.
Operation Bodyguard:
Misleading information of
were Allied forces were going
to land. (Patton and has fake
army)
For 6 months soldier's
prepared for the largest
amphibious invasion ever.
Hitler finds out about
location and send Ernest
Rommel to fortify
Normandy, forcing invasion
to move sooner than planed.
Heroes of D-Day
 101st Airborne Rangers-
Parachuting into
capture the bridges to
unite Omaha and Utah.
 5th Ranger BattalionHad to capture a
strategic German
artillery spot between
Utah and Omaha beach.
To capture Pointe Du
Hoc they had to climb
100 ft cliff.
101st Airborne
On June 22,
1944, President
Franklin D.
Roosevelt signed
the "Servicemen's
Readjustment Act
of 1944"
“GI Bill of
Rights”
•Help veterans adjust to
civilian life after
separation from service
•Gain higher education if
you couldn’t afford one
•Restore lost educational
opportunities because of
military service.
•Enhance our nation
through a more highly
educated and productive
work force
•Learned from WWI.
GI Bill provided 6 benefits
•education and training
•Loans for a home, farm, or business
•unemployment pay of $20 a week for 52
weeks
•job-finding assistance
Eligible for GI Bill Benefits
WWII veteran, served 90 days or more after
September 16, 1940 and a honorable
discharge.
Program ended July 25, 1956
•Of the 15,440,000 veterans, some 7.8 million
were trained.
Total cost of the
•2,230,000 in college
World War II
•3,480,000 in other schools
education
program was
•1,400,000 in on-job training
$14.5 billion.
•690,000 in farm training
Home front WWII
War Production Board (WPB)
 U.S. huge supplies of
iron ore, coal, and oil
as well as idle
manufacturing plants.
U.S. production
exploded in WWI
supplying ally forces.
 Henry Ford’s assembly
line concept used in
WWII.
 Liberty Ships: (The
Model T of ships)
 Before: Over 1 year
 Now: 5 days.
Rosie The Riveter
Rosie
Rosie the Riveter
•Women manned the
factories while the
men went off to
fight.
•This helped lay the
foundation for
women’s rights in
the work world and
helped us win the
war…..
The decisions at the
Yalta Conference
shaped the post WWII
world. Many
agreements were
made but the lasting
effect was: “You
cannot trust the words
of a dictator”.
Yalta
DECISIONS MADE AT YALTA
Created a United Nations to promote world peace.
Germany and Berlin would be divided into 4 zones
controlled by the US, British, France and Soviet
Union
Eastern European countries under Soviet control
would have “free elections”
Stalin agreed but kept Eastern Europe under Soviet
control after WWII leading to the Cold War…..
V-E Day
 Battle of the Bulge: Although breaking through the American lines at
first. The allied forces eventually fought off the German invasion and
they were forced to retreat. (Last major European Battle.)
 V-E Day May 7 1945: After the suicide of Hitler. General Eisenhower
accepted the unconditional surrender of the Third Reich of German
military. V-E Day= Victory in Europe day.
WPS
 What led to the defeat of Germany the most? Explain.
 Find a partner and share:
•After Pearl Harbor and
four months of defeat in
the Pacific,
•FDR asked military
leaders to strike back at
the heart of Japan.
•FDR wanted to boost
American morale.
•Show the USA was
capable of retaliation
against an unprovoked
attack.
Lt. Col. Jimmy DooLittle
JAPANESE
EXPANSION
•Dec. 7, 1941,
Japan attacks
Pearl Harbor
•US declares war
on Japan.
1942
•Philippines
•Bataan Death
March
•Guam
•Malaya
•New Guinea
•Threatening
Australia and
Hawaii
map/japan







Code-breakers heard the plan.
The Battle of Midway
At the Battle of Coral Sea, the
Yorktown and the Lexington fended
off a Japanese attack on New Guinea
and preserved Australia.
Code-breakers learned of plan to
attack Midway
Admiral Nimitz used this as an
opportunity to ambush the Japanese
fleet.
Japanese planes were hit with
Fighting at the Battle of
antiaircraft fire, shooting down 38
Midway
planes.
Japan lost 100 pilots which hurt their
Air War. American planes caught
carriers by surprise their fuel,
bombs, and aircraft were exposed.
 Four Japanese carriers were sunk,
destroying the heart of the navy.
This hit the Japanese hard—it halted
Japanese expansion in the Pacific. It
was their Stalingrad.
Badly damaged
Yorktown
Japanese Kamikaze Planes:
The Scourge of the South Pacific
Kamikaze Pilots
The last 2 years of the war, the Japanese resorted to
“suicidal bombers” or Kamikaze bombers to destroy the
American Navy.
Approximately 2,800 Kamikaze attackers sunk 34 Navy
ships, damaged 368 others, killed 4,900 sailors, and
wounded over 4,800.
map/japan
TURNING
POINT
BATTLES
1944
•(Japanese Gamble)
Battle of Leyete
Gulf, recaptured
the Philippines
1945
•Iwo Jima and
Okinawa
•Put the US 500
miles from
mainland Japan
•Began bombing
mainland Japan
US Marines on Mt. Surbachi,
Iwo Jima [Feb. 19, 1945]
 After capturing the
Islands of Iwo Jima
and Okinawa,
America was now
in reach of Japan.
 Shortly after
America begins
bombing areas of
Japan.
Today’s Objective:
 Complete FRQ outline on aspects of WWII.
A joint Allied Project consisting of
Canadian, British and U.S. scientists to
build an atomic bomb.
Started in 1940…..
By July 1945, 3 bombs had been built.
1 bomb = 20,000 tons of TNT
One would be set off in New Mexico
successfully.
Big Three
•Churchill, Truman and Stalin meet in
Potsdam, Germany in July 1945.
•Truman informed of successful test of bomb.
•Demanded unconditional surrender from
Japanese or a new weapon would be used.
Arguments for use
Arguments opposed
 Japanese refused to
 Atomic bombs were untested
surrender.
 Estimated an invasion worse
then D-Day was needed to
end war.
 Estimated Japan’s empire
would last 2 years.
 Estimated Allied casualties
at 1 million or more men
with huge Japanese losses.
 Japanese leadership was
told of the destructive
power of the bomb
 Offered a period to
surrender but declined.
and their destruction
unknown
 Hiroshima and Nagasaki
were not major military
targets.
 Those killed in the attacks
would be Japanese civilians.
 Radiation poisoning would
have negative effects on the
population.
 Nuclear weapons would set a
precedent that using
weapons of mass
destruction was allowable in
war
Historical Argument (719)
 Read the document and complete the thinking
critically part.
WPS
 Is it correct to say that the bomb did not change the
character of the warfare against civilians, but only its
scope? Explain:
 If you were president of the United States during this
time would you have decided to drop the Atomic
bomb? Explain why or why not:
map/japan
map/japan
map/japan
Hiroshima – August 6, 1945
 70,000 killed
immediately
 48,000 buildings.
destroyed.
 100,000s died of
radiation poisoning &
cancer later.
“My fellow Americans, the British,
President Harry Truman
Chinese and United States
governments have given the Japanese
people adequate warning of what is in
store for them. The world will note
that the first atomic bomb was
dropped on Hiroshima, a military base.
If Japan does not surrender, bombs
will have to be dropped on her war
industries and unfortunately
thousands of civilian lives will be lost. I
urge Japanese civilians to leave
industrial cities immediately and save
themselves.”
map/japan
map/japan
Nagasaki – August 9, 1945
 40,000 killed
immediately
 60,000 injured.
 100,000s died of
radiation poisoning
& cancer later.