Transcript Chapter 28.2 Notesx

Chapter 28.2
ALLIED RESPONSE
Early American Involvement
 The Battle of the Atlantic
 Great Britain and the Soviet Union depended heavily on
supplies shipped by sea to their ports
 Germany wanted to control the sea to cut off the supplies the
Allies were shipping
 Germany did not have a big enough navy to match GB’s
 Germany resorted back to using U-boats to try and destroy
GB’s ships
Early American Involvement
 The American Home Front
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Once America decided to join the war they had to mobilize their
army, which was an enormous task
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Many men volunteered to fight while many were drafted into services
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Women worked as pilots, clerks, and nurses for the military
Many factories were converted into places to produce weapons and
war supplies
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They required soldiers, sailors, pilots, equipment and supplies
This allowed more women and African Americans the opportunity to
go to work
Americans at home joined in to war effort as well they began to
conserve food, fuel and many other items that were needed to make
weapons and war supplies
They participated in scrap drives, victory gardens and purchasing of
war bonds
Early American Involvement
 American Home Front (continued)
 The war effort had a negative effect as well
 The government war suspicious of American-Germans,
Italians, and Japanese
 More that 100,000 Japanese American were forced to leave
their homes and businesses and live in interment camps
 Most were American citizens
 Life in the internment camps was hard they lived in a harsh
climate and were locked into the camps, forced to work,
educate, and live in the camps.
 They were not released until the end of the war
Early American Involvement
 Winning the Atlantic
 Allied factories were producing ships and planes in large
numbers
 They were able to detect and destroy many German U-boats on
the Atlantic
 Allies forces had broken a German code system used to
transmit information which allowed them to locate German Uboats
 Because of these efforts Allied powers kept control of the
Atlantic and supplies were able to be shipped to GB and the
Soviet Union
War in North Africa and Italy
 War in North Africa and Italy
 While the fight for the Atlantic was happening British troops
were fighting the Italians for control of Northern African
territories
 The Suez Canal was located in Northern Africa and was the
shipping route that linked the Mediterranean Sea to the
Middle Eastern oil fields
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The Allies need to control this area to keep their oil supply active
In the fall of 1940 Italy attacked GB controlled Egypt and
failed
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By 1941 GB had taken over Libya (controlled by Italy) and
threatened to gain control of all Northern Africa so Hitler was
forced to send troops in to try and gain control
War in North Africa and Italy
 Back-and-Forth Fighting
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The German and Italian troops in Africa were called the Afrika Korps
and led by Erwin Rommel known as the Desert Fox because we
quickly pushed GB out of Libya
Axis and Allied powers fought back and forth, one not gaining that
much ground on the other
By 1942 the Axis powers were having trouble getting supplies into
Northern Africa
Battle of El Alamein- the allied power took advantage of the fact that
the axis soldiers did not have enough supplies.
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They also used information gained from secret German code to find
out their plans
 The Allied forces were finally able to weakened the Axis power a
significant amount.
War in North Africa and Italy
 The Americans Join the Battle
 In Nov 1942 The Soviets wanted the Allied Powers to start a
second western front in Europe to help push back the German
soldiers and to distract the Germans so they would have to
move out of the Soviet Union
 The Allied leaders decided it would be easier to add troops to
the North African front and attacked the French colonies in NA
 Once the American soldiers landed in North Africa under the
leadership of Dwight D. Eisenhower they quickly pushed out
the German soldiers and soon the Allies won North Africa and
had complete control
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The first time the American’s saw combat in WWII
War in North Africa and Italy
 Fight in Italy
 In July 1943 the Allied forces wanted to take Italy
 They moved from North Africa to the Italian island of Sicily
 Italy was already weakened and it’s gov’t was trying to force
Mussolini out of power and by the end of July they had forced
him out
 Allied soldiers took Sicily and moved inland to try and take
Italy
 Hitler did not want the allied forces to take Italy and be in the
middle of Europe
 He sent troops to slow the allied soldiers
 Germans were able to stop them from moving forward and
bloody fighting continued on for months
Turning Point in the Soviet Union
 Turning Point in the Soviet Union
 The 1941 invasion of the Soviet Union came to a halt for the
Germans because of the harsh winter and the lack of supplies.
 Hitler could not capture reach his goal and capture Leningrad
He decided to set up a military blockade and starve the people out
 In the winter on 1941-1942 3,000-4,000 people starved to death
 By the end 1 million Leningrad civilians perished in the siege of
Leningrad
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Turning Point in the Soviet Union
 The Battle of Stalingrad
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By the Spring of 1942 the German troops were able renew their
assaults on the USSR
Hitler had troops from Italy, Romania, and Hungary join the German
in the USSR
By the end of the summer the Axis forces was positioned to take
Stalingrad- one of the largest and most industrialized cities in the
USSR
Stalingrad produced most of the war supplies for the soviet soldiers
and were next to the Volga River which transported supplies
throughout the USSR
The Battle of Stalingrad was on of the most Brutal in the entire war
Germans dropped many bombs on Stalingrad and then went on foot
to wipe out the rest of the soldiers
Turning Point in the Soviet Union
The Battle of Stalingrad
 Soviet soldiers continued to fight in the ruined city because Stalin
wanted to keep the city at all cost
 Soviets held on through the fall of 1942, In November the Soviets
forced a counterattack and broke through the Axis defense
 Hitler demanded that the Axis soldiers stay and fight promising to
send food and supplies which he never did
 In Jan of 1943 they were out of supplies but Hitler said ‘Surrender is
forbidden”
 Soon 900,000 Axis soldiers were captured and most of them died in
Soviet Prison camps
 1 million died in the battle of Stalingrad
 Allied victory in Stalingrad, North Africa, and Italy was a turning
point in the war
Turning Point in the Pacific
 The Allies Fight Back
 Meanwhile in the Pacific the attack on Pearl Harbor had greatly
weakened the US navy’s ability to strike back on Japan
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Japanese ruled the sea and battles in the early fighting taking Singapore,
Hong Kong, Burma, and many other Pacific Islands
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Japanese were closer to home and better equipped
There main target was the American held Philippines
General MacArthur led American and filipino soldiers on a doomed
defense to keep the Philippine
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They also chose to focus on fighting in Europe
April 1942 Japan had won the Philippines and captured 70,000 Allied soldiers
They made them march to a Japanese prison camp known as the Bataan
Death March
Killing 10,600 prisoners on the way
Thousands later died in the inhumane Japanese prison camps
Turning Point in the Pacific
 The Battle of Coral Sea
 First time American and Japanese fought on the sea
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Japanese were trying to invade GB controlled Port Moresby on
the island of New Guinea
The Allied forced tried to block the invasion on sea
Both sides lost one aircraft carrier
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The Coral sea was off the coast of Australia
Much worse for America
This marked the first time the Japanese advances had been
stopped
Turning Point in the Pacific
 The Battle of Midway
 June 1942 Japanese and American carriers fought on the seas in the
Battle of Midway
 The Japanese wanted to capture the island of Midway in the middle of
the Pacific to take the American Naval base that was located on the
island.
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The Americans had however broken the secret Japanese code use to
transmit messages
The Americans were able to plan for the “surprise attack”
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They also wanted the lure the American’s into a battle in which they were
outnumbered
Knew the date and location of the attack
The Americans were able to defeat the Japanese
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destroyed four of Japanese carriers
 which was a terrible defeat and set back for the Japanese
 America lost one carrier
Turning Point in the Pacific
 Island Hopping
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The Battle of Midway changed the balance of power in the Pacific
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The Allied forces could finally go on the offensive
They started the strategy known as island hopping…
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They would hop over Japanese stronghold islands and capture weaker ones
 This would eventually weaken the strongholds
• The strong holds would be cut off from outside supplies
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One of the more important battles in the island hoping was Battle of Guadalcanal
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a six month battle in the swamps and jungle covered island. The Japanese finally fled the
island in Feb 1943
 Showed the Americans that the Japanese would fight until the death
• Terrified the American soldiers
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By 1944 the Allied had gotten close enough to try and recapture the Philippines
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The First battle for the Philippines was the Battle of Leyte
 It was the largest Naval Battle ever fought
 The first use of the Japanese weapons of Kamikaze attacks-Japanese pilots would load their
planes with explosives and crash into Allied ships sacrificing themselves to destroy the
enemy
 The Battle of Leyte ended in the victory for the Allied forces and almost completely
destroyed the Japanese Naval Fleet
• This allowed the Allies to recapture the Phillipines