Transcript world war ii - Pleasantville High School

WORLD WAR II
Introduction:
Most
devastating war in human
history
55
million dead
1 trillion dollars
Began
in 1939 as strictly a European
Conflict
Widened
to include most of the world
What dictatorships were established in
Europe and Asia after World War I?
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the answer.
Causes of World War II
1922
• Versaille
s Treaty
1918
• Rise of
Italian
Fascism
1929
• Rise of
Nazism
1924 1932
• Great
Depression
The Causes: Germany
Reparations
from
Treaty of Versailles
War Guilt
Clause.....caused
economic depression
Hitler rebuilt the
German army
Hitler sent troops to
Rhineland....the
boarder of France and
Germany...
Hitler took over
Austria and part of
Czechoslovakia
The Causes: Italy and Japan
Italy
victorious but wanted more
territory...Ethiopia....could not stop weapons
like poison gases
Japan
victorious but wanted
China...Manchuria.....”rape of Nanjing”
Appeasement
Policy of Western Democracies
Give in to aggressive demands to
maintain peace
For example:
The
Munich Conference in 1938.....western
democracies agree that Germany can seize
Austria and the Sudetenland from
Czechoslovakia
The Road to World War II
On your own copy
of this picture, add
labels to explain
what the
cartoonist suggests
Hitler is doing?
Who are the other
people in this
picture and what
does the cartoonist
think of them?
The Axis Powers Advance
Nazi
invade: Poland, Norway,
Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium
June 1940: Nazi’s enter
Paris....Charles de Gaule forms a
French government in exile and works
to free France from the Germans
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HITLER’S
WW II
PARTNERS
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India
Brazil
THE ALLIED
POWERS IN
WW13 II
Technology of Modern Warfare
Superior air power – Luftwaffe
Bombing of strategic military and
civilian
targets
Armored tanks and troop carriers
Improved designs on planes, subs, and
machinery (bombs and guns)
Inventions: RADAR and SONAR
Medical advances for soldiers and
synthetic products replacing scarce,
strategic resources
Turning Back the German Army
Why was the Battle of Stalingrad an
important battle for the Allies?
The Germans tried to capture Stalingrad,
but the Soviets held their ground. The
Germans surrendered. The Battle of
Stalingrad was a turning point in the war
because it put the Germans on the
defensive.
10
PHOTOS FROM THE BATTLE OF
STALINGRAD
THE GERMANS HAD SEVERE
PROBLEMS CAPTURING THE
CITY OF STALINGRAD. IT
WAS A GRITTY, DEADLY
BATTLE WHERE HUNDREDS
OF THOUSANDS OF
SOLDIERS ON BOTH SIDES
WERE KILLED
17
Ally Victories
Three Victories for the Allies
El Alamein
Defeat of Rommel
In North Africa by British
Stopped western advancement
Invasion of Italy
US and British troops land
due to North Africa victory
Hitler sends troops and is spead thin
Invasion of Normandy
Allies invade France on June 6, 1944
Landed on beaches
Broke through German forces and into Germany
Normandy Invasion,
D-Day
D-Day
Landing on Normandy Beach
D-day: the Allied invasion of Nazi occupied Western
Europe
D-Day Statistics
General Dwight D. Eisenhower Allied
supreme commander
Nine allied divisions invaded on DDay, 3 airborne and 6 infantry, 150,000
soldiers
12,000 planes
5,000 ships escorted the invasion
force
20,000 troops were landed by air
either parachute or gliders to protect
the flanks of the invasion force from
German counterattacks
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Shoulder sleeve insignia are of
the American units, division
and above, that were involved
in the Normandy invasion on
June 6, 1944.
THOUSANDS OF
ALLIED
SOLDIERS
ENTERED
BATTLE FROM
THE AIR
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A HEAVY PRICE WAS PAID FOR THE SUCCESSFUL
INVASION OF FRANCE
23
Landing in France
What was Operation Overlord?
This was the code name for the Allied
planned invasion of France at Normandy.
General Eisenhower was the commander
of the invasion. The date for the invasion
was called D-Day.
US Entry into WWII:
Pearl Harbor
Dec. 7, 1941
The Results
What series of events led to the
Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor?
• The Japanese invasion of Southern Indochina
caused Roosevelt to freeze all Japanese assets in
the United States and reduce the amount of oil
shipped to Japan.
• Roosevelt immediately blocked the sale of airplane
fuel and scrap iron to Japan.
• This angered Japan, which then signed an
alliance with Germany and Italy.
THE UNITED STATES STRIKES BACK: THE
BATTLE OF MIDWAY, JUNE 1942
WHERE THE JAPANESE WOULD STRIKE AFTER CORAL SEA WAS THE
CRUCIAL QUESTION. THE US HAD THREE CARRIERS TO COUNTER ANY
JAPANESE OFFENSIVE MOVE BUT THEY NEEDED TO KNOW WHERE THEY
SHOULD BE SENT.
JOSEPH ROCHEFORT: NAVAL INTELLIGENCE
OFFICER WHO LED THE TEAM THAT BROKE
THE JAPANESE MILITARY CODE “PURPLE”
THAT ALLOWED THE US TO READ 10% TO 15%
OF THEIR CODE AND ALLOWED THE US TO
PLAN FOR A JAPANESE ATTACK ON THE US
BASE ON MIDWAY ISLAND.
28
29
THE U.S. VICTORY AT MIDWAY WAS A DEVASTATING
DEFEAT FOR JAPAN AND A TURNING POINT IN THE
PACIFIC WAR. NOW THE UNITED STATES COULD GO
ON THE OFFENSIVE WINNING BACK THE ISLANDS
CONQUERED BY JAPAN IN THE FIRST SIX MONTHS OF
THE WAR.
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•GUADALCANAL: Tough battle eventually
won by the Americans
•ISLAND HOPPING CAMPAIGN
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•IWO JIMA, OKINAWA, AND THE KAMIKAZES
•FIREBOMBING OF JAPAN
•PROPOSED OPERATION DOWNFALL
•HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI
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Photos of the vicious fighting on Iwo Jima.
33
Famous photograph of the
flag raising on Mount
Suribachi on Iwo Jima taken
by Joe Rosenthal in
February of 1945
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The U.S. suffered terrible causalities on Iwo Jima, losing
an estimated 20,000 soldiers. Total U.S. losses, mostly
Marines, were 6,821 killed, 19,217 wounded, and 2,648
cases of combat fatigue. Worse was to come when the
U.S. invaded Okinawa.
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Why did the United States Drop the Atomic Bomb on Japan?
1. The US was afraid the loss of human life would be in the hundredths of
thousands.
2. Political fallout from not using the bomb would hurt the Democratic party.
Americans would not tolerate a large loss of life if it could have been
prevented by a weapon.
3. Scare the Soviet Union.
Why did the Americans drop Two Atomic Bombs?
1. The Japanese military refused to surrender after the first bomb was
dropped. The code of bushido. Solider must die fighting or commit suicide.
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THE FIRST ATOMIC
BOMB WAS DROPPED
ON THE CITY OF
HIROSHIMA
AUGUST 6TH, 1945, 70,000 KILLED
AND EVEN MORE WOUNDED
37
A second atomic bomb was
dropped on Nagasaki and the
Japanese surrendered
AUGUST 9TH, 40,000 KILLED
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Effects of Bombing
Ground
Temperature
Hurricane force
winds
Buildings
destroyed
Killed Immediately
Total deaths
related to A-Bomb
7,000 degrees
980 miles an hour
62,000 buildings
70,000
200,000
Effects of WWII
American Occupation of Japan till
British, French, Soviet, and US
1952
occupation of Germany
Democratic Governments setup in
Germany and Japan under pressure from
the US.
United Nations Setup
Soviet occupation of all of Eastern
Europe Soviets setup a buffer zone
between them and the west.
Effects of WWII
Atomic Age
Cold War between
the US and Soviet
Union
Rise of Nationalism in colonies/ beginning
of independence for African and Asian
colonies
Britain, France, Italy,& Germany all major
powers in 1939 are reduced in importance
after 1945
Rise of two Superpowers US and The