Transcript Holokaust and Auschwitz

Is a hostility or the prejudice against Jews, leading to
persecution.
In Europe a hatred of Jews started thousand of years
before a holocaust. Jews endured pogroms and exile.
Pogrom in the Tsarist Russia
Poland was one of the most torelant country in medival
europe, multi religous and cultural Polish–Lithuanian
Commonwealth was for persecuted Jews perfect home.
Before the secend world war they accounted 10% of
polish population or 3,5 milion people. After the war
there were less than 10 thousand.
Creation of the Nazi party.
In 1919 a National Socialist German Workers'
Party was created as a local Bavarian party of
nationalist ideology.
Adolf Hitler becomes its leader and
undertakes the absolute power in Germany
from 1933 until 1945. The party program
emphasized the need to introduce a strong
authority and discipline in the society. The
NSDAP was strongly associated with two
paramilitary organizations: SA and SS.
NSDAP and its subordinate organizations,
controlled all aspects of life in Germany social, political and military.
- Struggle with the dictates of
Versailles,
- Extermination of Jews and
Gypsies,
- The German nation was to be a
nation of lords,
- Need to gain living space for
Germans
- Liquidation of communism
On 30 January, 1933 Adolf Hitler became the Chancellor of
Germany.
That day was the beginning of big changes of German state
humiliated by the Treaty of Versailles and affected by the economic
crisis. Society disappointed by many reforms that didn’t give
measurable results, was ready for the adoption of attractive
programs offered by the parties: Nazi (NSDAP) and Communist
(KPD).
Hitler in his own political program presented desire for liberation
of foreign dependence. He also promoted the fight against all
international groups, in particular Jewish and socialist. He
announced the establishment of better living conditions by
increasing the living space. As a result of the crisis in 1920s, Hitler's
rise to power has become real.
From 1938 until June 1941, the Nazis set out to get rid of the
Jews in Germany and its occupied territories. When they
were unable to expel most of the Jews, they forced them into
ghettos pending other solutions.
Most Jewish ghettos had been created in order to confine and segregate
Poland's Jewish population and for the purpose of persecution, terror,
and exploitation.
In smaller towns, ghettos often served as staging points for Jewish slavelabor and mass deportation actions, while in the urban centers they
resembled walled-off prison-islands described by some historians as
little more than instruments of
"slow, passive murder„
with dead bodies littering
the streets.
In Poland was founded
about 400 ghettos.
was the biggest ghetto during WW II. It was established
in Polish capital city by the Nazi German with over
400,000 Jews on just 3km square. Almost all of them
died in KL Treblinka and in the Warsaw Ghetto
Uprising - the largest single revolt by Jews during World
War II.
Deportation to ghetto
Conditions in ghettos
Works in
ghettos
execution
Monument to the
Heroes of the Ghetto
After the invasion of the
Soviet Union, in 1941 the
Nazi government turned
the plan to exterminate
European Jews. Heinrich
Himmler was the chief
architect of the plan, which
came to be called „the Final
Solution to the Jewish
Problem”. Carry out the
operation was entrusted to
SS.
Was one of the main leaders of
Nazi Germany, co-founder and
Chief of: SS (since 1929), the
Gestapo (since 1934), the police
(from 1936) and Minister of the
Interior of the Third Reich (from
1943). He also contributed in the
establishment of the camp in
Auschwitz.
Was the commandant of KL Auschwitz.
He was personally responsible for
genocide that took place within the camp.
He had optimized mass killing techniques
to make Auschwitz the most deadly nazi
concentration camp. In 1947 he was
sentenced to death by hanging. The
execution took place in ex concentration
camp, next to his property, and gas
chamber.
was the genocide of
about six million Jews
during World War II,
led by Adolf Hitler
and the Nazi Party,
throughout the
German Reich and
German-occupied
territories.
Politics of mass destruction was
unleashed by the Nazis in mid-1941.
It lasted about 40 months.The event
was preceded by the action of T4,
including the extermination of the
mentally ill, during which they have
developed technology to mass
murder.
Concentration camp – the detention place of a large number of people
considered to be uncomfortable for the authorities; slave labor camp
Extermination camp - closed camp, in which mass murder was carried
by usage of industrial methods
In some cases the death camps were also a concentration camps.
The biggest Nazi extermination camp was a subcamp of the
concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau : Birkenau, other camps were
Treblinka, Sobibor, Belzec, Kulmhof, and to a lesser extent, Majdanek.
Marking the prisoners with
triangles (the "winkli"),
derived from the
concentration camps that
existed in Germany before
the war. In Auschwitz, it
was introduced in 1940,
with some modifications,
and against certain groups
of prisoners it was not used
at all for some time.
crematorium
The complex of buildings
Wall of death at which there were executions by shooting
Immediately after the war, based on the report of rittmeister
Pilecki. It was said that about even 5 milion person were
killed in Auschwichtz, but today majority of historian agress
that there were less than 1.5 milion. They were mostly
Hungarian and Polish Jews, also Poles, Gypsies and Jews
from diffrent country.
Weekly more than a thousand prisoners were being killed.
Most of them were killed in gas chambers immediately after
arrival.
Zyklon B that was used in gas chambers.
The gate („one-way ticket”)
In Auschwitz III company knowsn as I.G.
Farbenindustrie was using prisoners as forced labors.
Similiar practics were happening in most of the
Germans concentration-camps. After the war
company was closed, and divided to four smaller,
Agfa, BASF, Bayer i Hoechst AG. Only 13 people from
that company were brought to justice, and in result
they spend few years in prison. Company in result
paid few milions of marks to those who were touched
by their proceder.
At the beginning there were no beds or other furniture in chambers. Prisoners
slept on mattresses on the floor. Chambers were so crowded that everyone could
sleep, but only on one side because of the lack of space. Chambers were heated by
coal. In the first months the water was derived from wells, and the prisoners
relieved
themselves in the latrine.
Prisoners received three meals a day.
In the morning they were given only a half
liter of "coffee", but it was rather boiled
water with grain coffee substitute, "tea," or
herbs. These fluids were usually not sweet.
A lunch consisted of about 1 liter of soup,
the basic ingredients were potatoes,
turnips, small amount of millet, rye flour,
and food extract called "Avo". For dinner,
there was about 300 grams of black bread
with about 25 grams of sausage or a
tablespoon of margarine, jam or cheese.
The stale bread was also consumed in the
morning, but usually starving prisoners
ate the whole portion at once.
Not enough food and hard work at the
same time contributed of the destruction
of the body. This led ultimately to the
extreme emaciation and starvation, which
resulted in a significant number of deaths
in the camp.
Work in Auschwitz
A particularly dramatic example of
the misuse of medical ethics is a
number of German doctors that
were involved in criminal
experiments carried out on
prisoners in concentration camps.
The initiators and organizers of
those experiences were
Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler,
together with Ernst Grawitz,
Wolfram Sievers and Josef Mengele
(on the photo).