Transcript Major Causes of World War II

Get out one sheet of paper and
write these targets at the top
I can. . .
Describe circumstances at home and abroad prior to
U.S. involvement in World War II
Identify the significant military and political aspects of
World War II
This must be completed TODAY!
• You will need a GREEN U.S. History book and one partner (as
well as) your one sheet of paper with the targets on the top.
– Turn to page 542
• Using the text, complete Dictators Threaten World Peace, parts A and
B
• Using the text, complete War in Europe, parts A and B
– Japanese Aggression (questions on the back)
– Political Cartoon
• 1. Identify the figures in the cartoon? Who does each represent?
• 2. What is meant by the sign, “Follies of 1936”? You may need to use
your book.
• 3. What message is the cartoonist sending to the reader?
• 4. Give this cartoon a caption or title?
– Franklin D. Roosevelt’s “Quarantine Speech” – answer the three
questions at the bottom
WORLD WAR II
• was the deadliest conflict in human
history by far. The exact figures will never
be known, but as many as 50–60 million
people around the world lost their lives
as a result of conflict between September
1939 and August 1945. At least one-third
were civilians: killed, maimed, or made
homeless by aerial bombing, starvation,
disease, or other causes
Military Deaths (in
approximate figures)
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Soviet Union: 7 million (at least; the actual figure may be as high as 13
million)
Germany: 4 million
China: 3.5 million
Japan: 1.2 million
United States: 405,399
Yugoslavia: 300,000
British Commonwealth: 344,000 (United Kingdom: 244,000; Canada:
37,000; India 24,000; Australia 23,000; New Zealand 10,000; South
Africa 6,000)
Romania: 200,000
France: 200,000
Italy: 165,000
Hungary: 120,000
Poland: 120,000
Czechoslovakia: 10,000
Civilian Deaths (in
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China: 10 million
Soviet Union: 7 million (at least)
Poland: 6 million
Germany: 1.6 million (up to 2 million ethnic Germans from Eastern
Europe may also have died)
Yugoslavia: 1 million
Romania: 465,000
France: 400,000
Czechoslovakia: 330,000
Japan: 380.000
Hungary: 280,000
Greece: 250,000
Netherlands: 190,000
United Kingdom: 60,000
Essential Question:
•Was World War 2
inevitable?
Major
Causes of
World War II
Attempts at Peace After WWI
• League of Nations
– U.S. never joined
– No teeth/enforcement
• Naval Disarmament (Washington Naval Conference
and London Naval Conference)
– Major countries pledge to reduce warships, cruisers,
and destroyers
• Nine-Power Treaty
– Support equal trading rights in China and respect for
China’s independence
• Kellogg-Briand Pact
– Agreement to outlaw war as an “instrument of
national policy”; 60 nations. But no enforcement!
Aggression
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1931 – Japanese invasion of Manchuria
1935 – Italian invasion of Ethiopia
1935 – Germany reintroduces conscription
1936 – Germany remilitarizes the Rhineland
1936 – Spanish civil war won by Franco
1937 – Japanese of China
1938 – German annexing of Austria
• 1938 – Munich Pact
– Germany gets the Sudetenland
– Policy of appeasement
• 1939 – Italy invades and annexes Albania
• 1939 – Germany demands the return of Danzig
and the Polish Corridor
• 1939 – Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact
– No fighting each other; divide Poland
– Really it gave the Soviets time
• Sept. 1, 1939, Germany invades Poland
What the U.S. was doing
• Passing Neutrality Acts (1935, 1937)
– Prohibited the sale of war implements to
belligerents (later includes steel, oil)
– Prohibited loans to belligerents
– Prohibited Americans from sailing on ships of
belligerents
– Restricted entry of American merchant ships into
war zones
• FDR’s Quarantine Speech 1937
– Warned that the western hemisphere may be
attacked
– World lawlessness was an “epidemic of physical
disease”
– Aggressive nations must be quarantined
– This was a test of America’s will to engage
• American’s were not ready to reengage in conflict
However,
• By 1941 things change
– Initial German successes
• Poland, Denmark, Norway, France, and almost Britain. . .
done
– U.S. changes its tone
• Neutrality Act of 1939 – cash and carry
• Selective Service Act of 1940 – 1st peacetime draft
• Destroyer-Naval Base Deal (1940) – 50 destroyers for
military bases in Western Hemisphere
• Lend-Lease Act (1941) – garden hose analogy ($50 billion)
• Atlantic Charter (1941) – four freedoms; U.N. proposal
• Embargo of Japan – no aviation fuel or scrap iron; froze their
American assets
Atlantic Charter
• The U.S. and Britain
– Seek no territorial gain
– Respected the right of all people to choose their own form
of government
– “We look forward to a world founded upon four essential
human freedoms. The first is freedom of speech and
expression--everywhere in the world. The second is
freedom of every person to worship God in his own way-everywhere in the world. The third is freedom from want .
. . everywhere in the world. The fourth is freedom from
fear . . . anywhere in the world.”
– Nations must abandon the use of force
– We need to establish a “system of general security.” –the
United Nations
the Coming of War
• Japan had become a highly militarized
state, intent on expanding into China &
beyond
• U.S. attitudes towards the Japanese –
years of the “yellow peril”
• U.S. bans the sale of aviation fuel and
scrap metal to the Japanese; reduces their
oil supplies by 90%
• The Dutch and French can’t hold on to
their Asian possessions
• U.S. freezes Japanese assets and places an
all-out trade embargo on Japan
• Dec. 7, 1941
– 20 ships; 350 aircraft 2,400+ dead;
1,200 wounded
– The awakening of a sleeping giant http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
3e99lfmmDN0
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
mQm_I3GpaGM
Japanese Internment Timeline
• 1891 - Japanese immigrants arrive on the mainland U.S. for
work primarily as agricultural laborers.
• 1906 - The San Francisco Board of Education passes a
resolution to segregate children of Chinese, Japanese, and
Korean ancestry.
• 1913 - California passes the Alien Land Law, forbidding "all
aliens ineligible for citizenship" from owning land.
• 1924 - Congress passes the Immigration Act of 1924
effectively ending all Japanese immigration to the U.S.
• November 1941 - Munson Report released (Document B).
• December 7, 1941 - Japan bombs U.S. ships and planes at
the Pearl Harbor military base in Hawaii.
• February 19, 1942 - President Roosevelt signs Executive
Order 9066 authorizing military authorities to exclude
civilians from any area without trial or hearing. Under the
leadership of War Relocation Authority.
The Pacific Theater
• http://ww2.wwarii.com/var/albums/maps_do
cuments/pacific_theater/ww2-asiaoverview.gif
4 phases of the Pacific Theater
• 1st: Dec 41-June 42: Japanese Offensive
• 2nd: June 42-late 43: Stalemate
• 3rd: late 43-Sept 45: Allied Offensive
– MacArthur’s amphibious operation; island
hopping
– Nimitz’s naval campaign
– Both merge to invade the Philippines, Iwo Jima,
Okinawa
• 4th: summer 45: Firebombing