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America & World War II Allies vs. Axis WWI – 1914-1918 War To End All Wars? Taking Sides Allies – USA – France – Russia – Great Britain Beginning to End Causes – Quest for land – Americas and Africa – Building up militaries – Quest for Power/Empires Ends – Belgium – Germany Surrenders - Allies Win – Japan – Treaty of Versailles Axis – Germany – Italy – Austro– Hungary • Germany is blamed and receives most consequences • The German military must remain at only 100,000 soldiers – no more • The Germans had to pay full reparations to the Allies • Germany had to give up colonies to Great Britain, France & Japan Roaring 20’s Technology Government Electricity 18th Amendment – Prohibition * Illegal to make or sell Radio (1920) Television, Silent (1927) Wash Machines alcoholic beverages. 19th Amendment – Women and the right to vote. Vacuum Cleaners Automobiles People Charles Lindbergh – Flight over the Atlantic F. Scott Fitzgerald – The Great Gatsby Duke Ellington – Jazz Composer The Great Depression “30’s” Causes What ended it? • Distribution of Wealth • Government Programs (New Deal) • Stock Market Crash • World War II • Banks failed/closed • Industrialization • No loans Link to Video WWI- Causes of WWII – Germany and Italy were unhappy with the Treaty of Versailles Japan joined Germany and Italy – Formed the Axis Powers War begins when Germany invades of Poland on Sept 1, 1939 Japan Invades East Asian Countries Axis Powers attacked other European Countries – Reasons • Quest for Land • World Domination Key Leaders Axis Powers – Germany – Adolf Hitler (Dictator) – Italy – Benito Mussolini (Prime Minister) King Victor Emmanuel (Monarch) – Japan – General Hideki Tojo Allies – Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin (Dictator) – Britain – Sir Winston Churchill (Prime Minister) – U.S. Franklin D. Roosevelt (served 12 Yrs) • Dwight D. Eisenhower – Commanded Allies Adolf Hitler • Dictator of Germany • NAZI Political Party • Many feel he was responsible for over 50 million Civilians and Military deaths. Axis The aggression of Hitler’s Allies Italy – Mussolini wanted a Fascist-Roman empire in the Mediterranean and Africa Japan – Japan wanted a Nipponese empire in the Pacific, extending into China and Australia Germany, Italy and Japan were hostile to Communism (USSR), and this was a cause of war and vice versa. Axis Powers Germany Japan Italy Austria (NOT AUSTRALIA!) Bulgaria Finland Hungary Romania Australia Belgium Canada China France Allies Great Britain Poland Soviet Union – USSR (Russia) United States Europe on the Eve of World War II, 1939 - Everyone Pick Your Side! Pearl Harbor Attack on Warships on U.S. soil by the Japanese. December 7, 1941 Devastation 4 US Battleships sunk 19 other ships sunk or disabled 170 planes destroyed 2,403 Civilians and military personnel killed http://www.pearl-harbor3.freeservers.com/ Link to Video Effects of Pearl Harbor • The United States entering World War II • Military Draft (ages 20-44) • Massive Industrialization Production increases: 263 planes per day, 70,000 ships and 3 million machines guns. • Women’s role during the war (Production, Military, and at Home) • Depression Era ended (U.S. & the World) D-Day The Invasion of Normandy • The 1st great breach into Hitler’s defense • 200,000 buildings destroyed • 3 month battle Link to Video War in Europe Ends 1945 Mussolini's death: On April 28, Mussolini and several of the other Fascists were captured with him were taken to Dongo, Italy and killed. Hitler's death: On April 30, as the Battle of Berlin raged above him, realizing that all was lost, and not wishing to suffer Mussolini's fate, German dictator Adolf Hitler committed suicide in his bunker. May 8 V-E Day – Germany and Italy Surrender The War was NOT, over Japan was still strong and FIGHTING HOW DO WE STOP JAPAN? Dawning of Nuclear Age • Atomic Bomb • Why was it necessary? •Feared war would last 2 more years, est. 500,000 American soldiers would die. •Est. 20,000 Japanese would die from bombing Atomic Bomb Attack by the U.S. on Hiroshima and Nagasaki US dropped “Little Boy” 1st on Hiroshima August 6th.(80-120 thousand die) • Japan refuses to surrender US dropped “Fat Man” 2nd on Nagasaki August 9th. (killed 40,000 die) Killed 120,000-140,000 people and thousands more died from radiation and injuries. Japanese surrendered on August 14th 1945. – Was it necessary? Link to Video Division of Germany Lesson from WWI: The Allies decided to divide Germany into 4 zones after the war. Also, the capital of Berlin was divided into 4 sectors. GERMANY POST WWII – Problem- It’s in the Russian (USSR) Section. DON, Don, don….to be continued! 19 WWII Advancements in Weaponry Weaponry of WWII American T - 72 German Tiger Tank M1-Abrams, Iraq War Air Power then and now Zero Mustang Flying Fortress New Technology F22 Rapter Predator B2 Bomber War Results: United Nations http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/ THE END The Holocaust A World Tragedy Holocaust 1933-1945 • Began on January 30, 1933 - 1 month after Hitler came into power. • Enacted a serious laws • Jews were no longer free: all rights and freedoms taken away. Political, economic, citizenship, institutions & Synagogues destroyed. • Adults were branded with numbers • Boys 12 and over sent to the munitions (ammunition) factories • Ages 6 and up were made to wear the “YELLOW STAR OF DAVID” badge Introduction to the Holocaust Link David Bergman Introduction to the Holocaust The Camp Structure Ghetto’s City-Districts in which Nazi’s forced the Jewish population live under miserable conditions. Unsanitary Overcrowded Starvation Epidemics (Flu) ? Concentration Camps Largest Ghetto: Warsaw, Poland 400,000 people. These were forced labor camps. The Germans built 400 Ghetto’s Brutality Starvation Deportation Video Link Exile and Deportation Auschwitz Link Auschwitz Holocaust Extermination Camps These were camps that were meant to eliminate Jews, Socialists, Gypsies, Jehovah’s Witnesses, German Communists, Homosexuals, and persons of socially deviant behavior. Holocaust Hitler’s “Final Solution” January 20, 1942 Mass murder of European Jews during WWII by Hitler. Why? Over 6 Million Deaths Liberation Video Link Holocaust Comments by children who survived: "I had false ID and wore a cross." "That was the last birthday gift from my parents." "My mother and several other women organized a clandestine school." "I paid for these two eggs with a small gold ring that had a ruby in it that my mother sewed into my coat." "I drank water from puddles. Snow. Anything that I could get a hold of." "There I was, an orphan, a survivor of unspeakable pain and atrocities of the war."