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WORLD WAR II
U.S. History
SUMMARY CARTOON VIDEO
• [video] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvDFsxjaPaE
WHAT MAKES WWII MORE “PERSONAL”
THAN PREVIOUS PARTS OF HISTORY
• My grandfather, Jack Gray (pictured
with my cousin), fought in WWII for
the US Navy.
• He was part of what Tom Brokaw
termed, “The Greatest Generation”
• I have never met someone more
humble, courageous, and generous
than my grandfather
THE NATIONS
WWII—PART 1
WORLDWIDE TENSIONS (PRE-WAR)
• Germany—The Germans were bitter about the
high prices of reparation from the Treaty of
Versailles. Meanwhile, the Allied Powers
demanded more from Germany.
• Japan & Italy—They were also in financial trouble
from heavy war debts, and were struggling with
resources and trading.
• The Great Depression—It wasn’t just an American
disaster.
RUSSIAN COMMUNISM
• The USSR—Vladimir Lenin’s Communistic dictatorship
was transferred to Joseph Stalin in 1927 after Lenin’s
death.
• “Five-Year Plans”—The USSR attempted to make Russia a
modern industrial and military state.
• [Video] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otX9r5aun5U
• Collectivization—Stalin forced small farmers to band
together into large collective farms, which were run by
the government. 10 million people died as a result of
opposing his rules in agriculture.
ITALIAN FASCISM
• Benito Mussolini—This dictator marched on Rome
and seized the powers of government in 1922 to
lead Italy into a totalitarian, fascist state.
• Fascism—A government ruled by a dictator who
controls the lives of the people. People cannot
disagree with the government due to the
importance of nationalism.
NAZISM IN GERMANY
• Debt—Germany’s war debt amounted to about $33 billion.
In 1923, Germany just stopped paying.
• Hitler & His Party—In the 1930s, Adolf Hitler ascended to
leadership in the National Socialist German Workers’ Party
(Nazism). His government was called the “Third Reich.”
• “Mein Kampf”—Hitler’s autobiography, translated as “My
Struggle.” It was written in prison to oppose the current
government and provide a blueprint for his “ideal
government”
• [Video] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2fKCGAYzBc
MILITARISM & IMPERIALISM
IN JAPAN
• Samurai Tradition—Japan had a long tradition of
respecting those militarily skilled (ex: the
samurai).
• Materials—Japan’s agriculture is not fertile, thus,
they have to rely on imports. Greater territory
could lead to better self-sufficiency.
• Manchuria—Japan gained Manchuria, a land mass
in Northeastern China, in the early 1930s. China
and Japan had a very troublesome relationship.
THE AXIS POWERS
• Axis Powers—The world would
“turn on a new axis” with the
international formation of the
Rome-Berlin-Tokyo relationship
(Italy, Germany, Japan).
• Axis Countries: Italy, Germany,
and Japan.
• [Video]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=JxFGq7FHsAo
EUROPEAN
CAMPAIGNS
WWII—PART 2
GERMAN EXPANSION
• The Munich Pact—After Germany annexed
numerous small countries and territories
(including Saar, Rhineland, Bohemia, and Moravia),
Neville Chamberlain of England and Premier
Edouard Daladier of France signed the “Munich
Pact” in 1938, which would give Hitler’s Germany
their last territory for expansion: Sudetenland (of
Czechoslovakia). 6 months after the agreement,
Germany occupied the rest of Czechoslovakia.
BLITZKRIEG
• Blitzkrieg—This can be translated, “Lightning
War” (it depicted the quick and powerful attack
from Germans, beginning with the country of
Poland)
CONCENTRATION CAMPS
• Treblinka and Auschwitz—Two infamous concentration
camps in Poland that were controlled by Nazi Germany.
• Deaths—11 million people were killed from the
“Holocaust,” 6 million of those being Jewish men,
women, and children.
• “Holocaust”—from the Greek, for burnt sacrifice. It was
a bit of a double-meaning, in that the Germans were
“purifying” their nation by getting rid of a non-Aryan
race, and that they were also sacrificing (killing)
people.
•
[BITSP] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sbVK3p9ClSY
THE EVACUATION OF DUNKIRK
• [video]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HdAaZ
FpxdLM
• The RAF (Royal Air Force) helped ward off
German forces long enough for over
300,000 soldiers (French and English) to be
evacuated.
THE FALL OF FRANCE
• [video]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nnCvsh
nHrc0
• Only a year into the war, France was lost to
Nazi Germany, with remaining forces, the
“Free French Government,” finding safety in
England—they were led by Charles de
Gaulle.
OTHER FIGHTS IN 1940
• Battle of Britain—A predominately air force
fight between England and Germany; the
RAF defended their turf.
• North Africa—Italy was overpowered by
England in North Africa, but the Germans
reconquered much of the ground when they
arrived.
AMERICA
ENTERS WWII
WWII—PART 3
THE U.S. ENTERS WWII
• Hesitation—Early on, many Americans were
hesitant about entering the war.
• Pearl Harbor—On December 7, 1941, Japan
bombed Pearl Harbor, Hawaii (U.S. Naval
Base), killing over 3,500 Americans.
• War declared—The U.S. declared war
against Japan on December 8th; Germany
and Italy soon declared war on the U.S.
VICTORY IN AFRICA
• In May, 1943, the Allies sandwiched
Rommel at El Alamein, Egypt and the
Axis powers in North Africa surrendered
• [video]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=185v
CvsvEP8
RUSSIA VS. GERMANY
• Stalingrad Video-http://www.history.com/topics/w
orld-war-ii/battle-of-stalingrad
D-DAY
• Date—June 6, 1944
• 24,000 American, British, Canadian, and French
troops were deployed on the beaches of
Normandy, gradually moving Germany towards
their home country and taking back France.
• Bedford, VA—Home of the national D-Day
Memorial
• [Video]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDZs442oq
xA
BATTLE OF THE BULGE
• The Battle—In a frigid December of
1944 in Luxembourg and Belgium,
Allied forces were able to withstand
the German attacks. This was perhaps
the turning point for the Allies (though
D-Day made it possible).
• [video footage, focus on mid & end]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s
PLn5SVz3Ac
V-E DAY
• Hitler’s Death—Germany was inbetween Allied forces to the West
and Russia to the East. Adolph
Hitler, seeing his country’s fate of
defeat, committed suicide in an
underground bunker (May 7th).
• “Victory in Europe Day”—May 8,
1945
THE PACIFIC
WWII—PART 4
EARLY ISSUES IN THE PACIFIC
• Early Japanese Victories—
Midway Island, Wake
Island (featured pic), and
Guam were seized by
December of 1941.
• Bataan Death March-https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=OPlfhVEw-7U
IWO JIMA
• The Battle—After 20,000 Japanese were
killed, and 6,000 Marines, the U.S. secured a
victory on this volcanic island
• The picture—This famous photograph
pictures U.S. soldiers raising the flag on top
of Mount Suribachi
• [video]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8rfsRNe
iing
OKINAWA
• The Battle—After securing territory in the
north, this extremely deadly battle in the
southern portion of Okinawa took the lives
of 100,000 Japanese soldiers (thousands
were kamikazes) and 12,000 American
troops (about 36,000 were wounded also).
• [Video]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UXvtDi
9a1Oc
HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI
• The Atomic Bomb—Developed among scientists
who worked on the “Manhattan Project.” Germans
had started researching such a powerful weapon
before the U.S., but it was Japan that would
experience its incredible power.
• Hiroshima & Nagasaki—Well over 100,000 people
were killed in these two Japanese cities in early
August of 1945.
• [Video]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NF4LQaWJRDg
V-J DAY
• “Victory in Japan Day”—
September 2, 1945
WWII’S AFTERMATH
• The Nuremburg Trials—Here, many of the Nazi leaders were put
on trial for war crimes
• Truth About Stalin—According to Nikolai Tolstoy, many of the 20
million Russians that were killed during WWII were actually
executed by Stalin as a purge.
• Potsdam Declaration—This discussed how Germany would be reorganized post-WWII. Russia did not cooperate, and insisted on a
pro-Communist government, leading to the East/West Germany
division, and even the “Cold War.”