Transcript VIII. Results of the War

WORLD WAR II
1939-1945
I. Dictators Rise To Power
A. Treaty of Versailles created depression in
Europe and resentment
in Germany.
 Countries were
economically ruined and
people feared
Communism in the East.
I. Dictators Rise To Power
B. New Leaders
Leaders promised a bright future for their
people and blamed others.
Benito Mussolini-Italy-Fascist Party
I. Dictators Rise To Power
B. New Leaders


Adolf Hitler-Germany-Nazi
Party
Hitler believed in a "master
race“ of Germans and used
secret police and the military to
control and manipulate the
people.
I. Dictators Rise To Power
B. New Leaders
After gaining support, these leaders
became aggressive.
I. Dictators Rise To Power
C. Territorial Invasions
Japan invaded Manchuria
Hitler militarized the Rhineland
II. American Position
A. Good Neighbor Policy-continued in the face of
new developments. Many Americans promoted
isolationism.
-Congress passed the Neutrality Acts to keep
the United States out of armed conflicts.
II. American Position
B. Roosevelt Challenges
Isolationism
-Japan continued actions in
China and the U.S. supported
China with arms and funds to
rebuild.
-Roosevelt wanted to
"quarantine" the aggressors.
III. Hitler Marches in Europe
A. New Acquisitions
-March 11, 1938-Hitler annexed
Austria saying that he was
helping Germans in the country.
-March 1939-Hitler forced
Czechoslovakia to agree to
annexation.
III. Hitler Marches in Europe
B. Reactions
Munich Pact-Allowed Hitler to invade
the Sudetenland if he would stop
there.
Neville Chamberlain
proclaimed that
we had preserved
“peace in
our time.”
III. Hitler Marches in Europe
B. Reactions


Appeasement-France and Britain had adopted the policy of
giving in to Hitler's demands to avoid war.
Hitler broke his promise and took over all of Czechoslovakia.
IV. Timeline of Axis Aggression
Axis Powers:
Germany
Italy
Japan
wanted to be the center of the world
IV. Timeline of Axis Aggression
1931-1932-Japan invaded and conquered
Manchuria
1935-Italy invaded and annexed Ethiopia
1935-1936-Germany violated Treaty of
Versailles with conscription and
remilitarizing the Rhineland
IV. Timeline of Axis Aggression
1936-1939-Germany and Italy
aided Francisco Franco
the Spanish Civil War
1937-Japan conquered Chinese
coastal areas
1938-Hitler invaded and annexed Austria to protect
German speaking people
in
IV. Timeline of Axis Aggression
1938-Munich Pact France and Britain allowed Hitler to take the
Sudetenland if he would demand no more territory.
 6 months later, he broke his promise and took all of
Czechoslovakia.
1939-Mussolini invaded and annexed
Albania
IV. Timeline of Axis Aggression
1939-Germany signed the Non-Aggression
Pact with Russia saying that
Russia would not interfere in
Poland if Germany wouldn't
interfere in the Baltic states.
*Sept. 1, 1939-Germany invaded Poland,
France & Britain declared war on Germany,
starting WWII
V. Early Action of the War
A. German Successes
1. Germany unleashed blitzkrieg warfare
(lightning war). Quick and effective coordination of
all parts of the military.
2. Germany rolled through Poland and easily
took Denmark & Norway to secure naval bases.
IV. Timeline of Axis Aggression
Long Range Causes of WWII:
1. Dictatorships
2. Militarism
3. Nationalism
4. Imperialism
5. Failure of
Appeasement
V. Early Action of the War
A. German Successes
3. Germany invaded France through Belgium & the
Netherlands. Nazi armies easily defeated the
Allies and France surrendered. Germany set up a
puppet government in the south at Vichy and
occupied the north.
V. Early Action of the War
A. German Successes

4. Germany bombed Great Britain for 3 months to
soften the island's defenses for invasion.
The British air force claimed victory in this Battle of
Britain when Hitler chose to postpone his invasion of
Britain.
V. Early Action of the War
B. U.S. Actions
1. Lend-Lease Act-1941-President could lend or
lease goods to anyone whose defense was vital to
the United States.
2. U.S. imposed embargo on Japan and froze all
Japanese assets in the U.S.
V. Early Action of the War
C. 2 Mistakes made by the Axis Powers
1. Germany invaded Russia-June 22, 1941-Hitler violated the nonaggression pact and invaded hoping to control oil and mineral resources.
Russia proved to be a strong enemy with millions of troops. Stalin foiled
Hitler's invasion.
Known as Operation Barbarossa.
V. Early Action of the War
C. 2 Mistakes made by the Axis Powers
2. Japan attacked Pearl Harbor-Dec. 7, 1941Japanese General Tojo launched a surprise attack
on the naval base
hoping to preserve their
empire in the Pacific. The Japanese
underestimated the power of the United States.
Pearl Harbor



December 7, 1941-Japanese wanted to buy some time to
strengthen their position. Our fleet in Hawaii was a threat to
their dominance of the Pacific islands.
Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto said "I fear all we have
done is to awaken a sleeping giant and fill him with a terrible
resolve."
Japanese reaction: "We won a great tactical victory at Pearl
Harbor and thereby lost the war."
Pearl Harbor
American Results:
All together the Japanese sank or severely damaged
18 ships, including 8 battleships, 3 light cruisers, and
3 destroyers. On the airfields the Japanese
destroyed 161 American planes and seriously
damaged 102.
U.S casualties: 2403 dead, 1178 wounded
Pearl Harbor
American Results:
Franklin Roosevelt called it “a date which will live in
infamy.”
WWII Posters
VI. War on the Homefront
Civil Liberties
1. No laws were passed to restrict
freedom of speech or press.
2. Japanese Americans were feared and forced to
"relocation" centers, aka interment camps.
VII. War Comes to an End
A. Victory in Europe
1. *Battle of El Alamein-1942-British defeated
Germans in North Africa leading to full Allied
invasion of Africa and Italy.
2. *Battle of Stalingrad-1942-Russians defeated
the German army of 300,000.
VII. War Comes to an End
A. Victory in Europe
3. Operation Overlord-June 6, 1944 (D-Day)Cross-channel invasion by the
Allies into
northern France. Allied
forces recaptured Paris
and drove the Germans to Berlin.
VII. War Comes to an End
A. Victory in Europe
 Yalta Conference-Feb. 1945, Stalin, Churchill, and FDR met
to discuss the end of the war. They agreed to divide,
occupy, and denazify Germany.
 Critics said that too much was given to Russia. They were
basically allowed to control Eastern Europe.
VII. War Comes to an End
The Death of Franklin Roosevelt
President Roosevelt died April 12, 1945 from a cerebral hemorrhage.
Harry Truman becomes president only 82 days after being
elected VP. FDR was president for 12+ years.
VII. War Comes to an End
A. Victory in Europe
4. Surrender-Hitler committed suicide
and
Germany surrendered-May 8,1945-(V-E Day)
Potsdam Conference-July 17, 1945-Leaders agreed
to direction of postwar Germany and all dedicated
to the unconditional surrender of Japan.
VII. War Comes to an End
5 Marines and 1
Navy Corpsman
raise the flag
atop Mount
Suribachi
B. Victory in the Pacific
1. Japanese successes were stopped at the Battle of
the Coral Sea and at the Battle of *Midway. (1942)
2. Allies used "island-hopping" recapturing the
Phillipines, Guam, Iwo Jima, etc. The Japanese lost
20,000 of their 22,000 soldiers defending Iwo Jima.
The U.S. casualties were 26,000 dead or wounded.
VII. War Comes to an End
B. Victory in the Pacific
3. U.S. dropped 2 atomic bombs: 1 on Hiroshima
and 1 on Nagasaki. The devastation forced the
surrender of Japan. September 2, 1945 (V-J Day)
VII. War Comes to an End
Facts about the Atomic Bombs
-The Manhattan Project was the government program
headed by J. Robert Oppenheimer that developed
the weapons.
-The two bombs were known as “Little Boy” and “Fat
Man”
VII. War Comes to an End
Facts about the Atomic Bombs
-The plane that dropped the first bomb, “Little Boy” was named The
Enola Gay.
-The bombs killed over 200,000 people on or just after the days of
explosion.
VII. War Comes to an End
Facts about the Atomic Bombs
Nagasaki Memorial at the Hypocentre (the center of the
explosion)
VIII. Results of the War
A. Changes in Warfare
1. Total war-civilians of countries participated in
any way possible.
2. Global war-60 nations involved on 3 continents.
3. Technology-radar, guided missiles, jets, atom
bombs, new medicines.
4. Airplanes-air combat became essential to
warfare.
VIII. Results of the War
B. Economic Costs
1. War cost billions of dollars and ruined
economies.
C. Social Costs
1. 22 million dead & 34 million wounded
2. Millions of refugees left their home countries
3. Genocide-Hitler's racial policies including the
extermination of over 6 million Jews in concentration
camps throughout Europe.
VIII. Results of the War
The Holocaust
Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party sent millions of
European Jews to concentration camps all over the
continent.
Hitler believed that the Jews were “untermencsh”,
(less than human), and blamed them for the failures
of German society after WWI.
VIII. Results of the War
The Holocaust
Prisoners at these camps were mistreated, underfed,
and diseased.
The prisoners were used as forced laborers for
many German factories.
Nazi scientists also used the prisoners for
experiments and scientific/psychological studies.
VIII. Results of the War
The Holocaust
The most notorious of these camps were:
Dachau, Auschwitz, Bergen-Belsen, Sobibor,
Treblinka, Buchenwald, etc.

The Jewish population of Europe was
devastated. Over 90% of all Jews in
Poland, Austria, Hungary, Germany, and the
Baltic States were executed.
VIII. Results of the War
The Holocaust
When Allied armies liberated these camps, they
found some survivors and thousands of victims.
VIII. Results of the War
The Holocaust
 Jews were not the only prisoners or victims. Anyone
who was subversive or “undesirable” was sent to the
camps.
 These included: Poles, Gypsies, handicapped,
homosexuals, Soviet citizens, religious opponents,
and political prisoners.
 Each had their own symbol to wear in the camps,
designating what type of prisoner they were.
Yellow=Jewish
Red=political prisoner
Pink=Homosexual
Green=criminal
Black=asocial
Brown=Gypsies
Purple=Religious prisoner
Blue=immigrant, forced labor
VIII. Results of the War
D. Political Costs
1. Colonialism in Africa & Asia declined as France and
Britain lost power.
2. Soviet Union acquired satellite states in Eastern
Europe.
3. United Nations was founded to keep world peace.
4. Germany was divided into Communist East and
Democratic West.
VIII. Results of the War
D. Political Costs
5. The United States and the Soviet Union emerged
as superpowers.
6. The Atomic Age began.
VIII. Results of the War
The Nuremberg Trials
Series of tribunals in which prominent members of
the Nazi Party were prosecuted for their
involvement in the war and crimes against humanity
associated with
the Holocaust.