Transcript ah7e_ch24_Lecture_Outlines

James A. Henretta
Rebecca Edwards
Robert O. Self
America’s History
Seventh Edition
CHAPTER 24
The World at War,
1937-1945
Copyright © 2011 by Bedford/St. Martin’s
I. The Road to War
A. The Rise of Fascism(dictatorships, militaristic, lack
of civil rights and religion because loyalty to the
state comes before anything else)
1. Japan and Italy-invaded and occupied China
and Ethiopia
2. Hitler’s Germany-WW1 reparations created
economic crisis and unemployment –goal to
reclaim German territory, create a “master race”,
and persecute Jews(scapegoats for Germanys
problems)
B. Isolationists versus Interventionists
1. Popular Front-isolationist ideology- Nye
Report-referred to arms dealers as
“merchants of death” Neutrality Act of 1935embargo on selling arms to warring countries
2. The Failure of Appeasement-Britain
initially allowed Hitler to gain territory to
avoid conflict(Munich Agreement)
3. War Arrives-Hitler and Stalin sign nonaggression pact invade Poland-Britain and
France declare war
I. The Road to War
C. The Attack on Pearl Harbor
1. Provocation-US sanctions against Japan for
their aggressive invasion of Asia-Japan lack of
access to US oil because of embargo- Tojo orders
surprise attack
2. Plans for War-after Pearl Harbor –December 7
1941 (“ a date that will live in infamy”)-US declares
war on Japan
II. Organizing for Victory
A. Financing the War
1. Business and Industry-mobilization for WWII
ended the Great Depression-war was funded by
selling of war bonds and the Revenue Act of
1942(increase in income tax revenue)
2. War Production Board (WPB)-awarded defense
contracts and persuaded businesses to convert to
military production
II. Organizing for Victory
B. Mobilizing the American Fighting Force
1. Soldiers and Workers-fifteen million men and
women worked as soldiers and civilians from all
races and walks of life –African-Americans
segregated-Native-American code talkers
2. Women-350,000 enlisted in military in WACs
and WAVES-nurses, clerical work, communications
,and pilots-no combat
II. Organizing for Victory
C. Workers and the War Effort
1. Rosie the Riveter -labor shortages created the
need for women to work in factories-symbolized
by the poster
2. Wartime Civil Rights-black leaders recognized
hypocracy of fighting Nazis-” Double V” campaignExecutive Order 8802 prohibited discrimination in
the defense industry-NAACP membership grew
foreshadowed civil rights movement
3. Organized Labor-created a no-strike pledge
during war NWLB created
II. Organizing for Victory
D. Politics in Wartime
1. A Second Bill of Rights-GI Bill of Rightseducation, job training ,pensions, and loans for
returning war vets
2. Election of 1944-FDR elected for 4th term
III. Life on the Home Front
A. “For the Duration”
1. Popular Culture
2. Consumer Goods
III. Life on the Home Front
B. Migration and the Wartime City
1. Racial Conflict –blacks move to work in defense
industry leads to racial conflict over jobs and
housing-Mexican zoot suits face prejudice
2. Gay and Lesbian Community Formation
III. Life on the Home Front
C. Japanese Removal
1. War Relocation-Executive Order 9066 relocated
Japanese on west coast to concentration camps
most were American citizens
2. Resistance-Supreme Court ruled in favor of
internment camps as a wartime necessity
(Korematsu vs United States 1944)
IV. Fighting and Winning the War
A. Wartime Aims and Tensions-Axis vs. Allies
1. The Big Three- FDR, Churchill, Stalin
2. Battle of Stalingrad-Russian victory was turning
point of war
B. The War in Europe
1. D-Day-Allied invasion of Nazi occupied FranceGeneral Dwight Eisenhower commanded 1.5
million troops across the English Channel-result:
liberated Paris and drove Germans out of France
2. The Holocaust-German plan to commit
genocide against undesirables 6,000,000 Jews from
IV. Fighting and Winning the War
C. The War in the Pacific
1. Naval Victories- island hopping strategy in
Pacific led by General Douglass MacArthur-battles
of Midway, Iwo Jima, Okinawa, and reconquest of
the Philippines
2. Racial Overtones3. Manhattan Project-top secret plan to build and
test atomic bomb led by Robert Oppenheimer
IV. Fighting and Winning the War
D. Planning the Postwar World
1. Yalta-Feb 1945 Big 3 agreed on the division of
post war Germany, a Soviet sphere of influence in
Eastern Europe ,and the creation of the United
Nations- FDR died April 1945 succeeded by VP
Harry S. Truman
2. Two Atomic bombs dropped on Japan August
1945, after much debate over present and future
humanitarian destruction, to save American lives
and get Japans unconditional surrender-WWII
ENDS!