Transcript 1/14 WWII Day 5

The Holocaust
(1933-1945)
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Section 3
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“Shoah” = “Catastrophe”
(1933-1945)
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Learning Targets
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 I can describe the causes and effects of American isolationism
during the 1930s and the effect this policy had on America’s
war preparation.
 I can compare and contrast President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s
world view with that of Germany’s Adolf Hitler, Italy’s Benito
Mussolini, the Soviet Union’s Joseph Stalin, and Japan’s Hideki
Tojo.
 I can identify and explain key events from Versailles to Pearl
Harbor that resulted in the United States entry into World War
II.
 I can describe Hitler’s “final solution” policy and explain the
Allied responses to the Holocaust and war crimes.
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Key Vocabulary

 Holocaust
 Nuremberg Laws
 Kristallnacht
 Final Solution
 Concentration Camps
 Extermination Camps
 Wannsee Conference
 St. Louis Affair
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Silencing Opposition

 The Holocaust was an attempt by the Nazi Party to
silence all opposition.
 Generally referred to as the Nazi campaign to
exterminate Jews.
 Applied also to:
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The disabled
Gypsies
Homosexuals
Slavic Peoples
Blacks
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The Nuremberg Laws
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 (1935) Nuremberg Laws
 Shift: Jews as a race (blood/lineage) rather than a religious
group.
 Took citizenship away from German Jews
 Jews Disenfranchised
 Banned marriage between Jews and other Germans
 People with 1 Jewish grandparent banned from holding public
office
 Jewish names to be adopted (in place of German sounding
names)
 Red J on passports
 Jewish Businesses Aryanized (Jews fired/Businesses sold to
Nazis)
 Note: the Nuremberg Laws were relaxed during the 1936
Olympic Games in Germany
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Kristallnacht
(“night of broken glass”)
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 (Nov. 7, 1938) Killing of German diplomat in Paris by
young Jewish deportee (10,000 German Jews had been
deported to Poland) used as excuse to terrorize Jewish
population.
 Hitler orders, Joseph Goebbels (Nazi propaganda
minister) to stage attacks on Jews
 (Nov. 9, 1838) Government sanctioned Anti-Jewish
violence erupts in Germany and Austria
 Police ordered not to interfere with terror campaign
 90 dead Jews (hundreds wounded)
 Thugs destroy Jewish property (7,500 Jewish Businesses &
180 Synagogues destroyed)
 Gestapo (Nazi Secret Police) arrests 20,000 Jews (released
only after agreeing to emigrate
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Jewish Refugees Try To Flee
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 350,000 Jews escape Nazi Germany
 Foreign Immigration Laws limit Jewish
Immigration
 In U.S. no immigration of individuals likely to become
burden on the state (Therefore, Jews that had been
stripped of their wealth did not qualify.)
 Nazis offer to transport Jews to any country that
would accept them.
 St. Louis Affair – (1939) 930 Jewish refugees refused
entry to US and shipped back to Nazi controlled Europe
 Jews unable to flee were restricted to Ghettos.
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Final Solution

 (Jan. 20, 1942) Wannsee Conference of Nazi leaders
 Mass killings (shootings/gassings) of Jews
(undesirables) deemed ineffective & inefficient
 Decision made to efficiently:
1. Round up all Jews in German controlled territory;
2. Place capable Jews in Concentration Camps so that
they might be worked to death
3. Place all other Jews in Extermination Camps for
liquidation (mass execution in gas chambers).
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List of Extermination Camps
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Extermin.
camp
Chelmno/
Kulmhof
Period
8 December 1941 until March
1943
152,000
and the summer of 1944
March 1942 until November
Auschwitz- 1944
Birkenau
March 1942 until December
Belzec
1943
Sobibor
Treblinka
Jewish
victims (est.)
May-June 1942 , OctoberDecember 1942,
March-August 1943
July 1942 until October 1943
Majdanek(Lublin)
October 1942 until October
1943
Over 1
million
Over 600,000
250,000
900,000
60,000 80,000
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Death Trains
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 Passengers were not given food, water, or protection from
the elements for their journey, and it wasn’t uncommon
for people to die from the trip alone. When one train
arrived at a camp from Corfu, the Nazis opened the doors
to find everyone inside had already perished. The journey
had taken 18 days.
 Nazis charged people for the privilege of riding a death
train. To be sent to an extermination camp, a Jewish
person had to pay the fee for a standard-fare ticket. The
Nazis weren’t complete monsters though—they waived
the fee for children under the age of four..
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Sonderkommando
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 Sonderkommando was someone tasked with disposing of
the dead. Their more gruesome duties included ripping
out the gold teeth of the dead and sweeping away the
ashes of the corpses.
 They were considered “Geheimnisträger” (secret-keepers)
and as such, too dangerous to be kept alive for long.
 They were killed and replaced every few months without
warning.
 The first duty of a new Sonderkommando was often
disposing of the body of the person they replaced.
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Holocaust Death Toll:
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The Holocaust was the systematic
annihilation of six million Jews during
the Nazi genocide - in 1933 nine million
Jews lived in the 21 countries of Europe
that would be occupied by Nazi
Germany during World War 2. By 1945
two out of every three European Jews
had been killed.
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Holocaust Death Toll:
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1.5 million children were
murdered.
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Holocaust Death Toll:
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 Between five and six million Jews
 More than three million Soviet prisoners of war
 More than two million Soviet civilians
 More than one million Polish civilians
 More than one million Yugoslav civilians
 About 70,000 men, women and children with mental
and physical handicaps
 More than 200,000 gypsies
 Unknown numbers of political prisoners, resistance
fighters, homosexuals and deportees
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Activity
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 Ida Fink, The Tenth Man, a short story
 Instructions:
1. Read the Short Story individually
2. Discuss the story with a classmate
3. Answer the comprehension questions completely
 The questions will form the basis of a class
discussion regarding the Holocaust.
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Test Your Understanding
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 Write IDs for the
following:
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Holocaust
Nuremberg Laws
Kristallnacht
Final Solution
Concentration Camps
Extermination Camps
Wannsee Conference
St. Louis Affair
 Answer the following
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
*Why is the fight for freedom
necessary?*
What were the causes and effects of
American isolationism during the
1930s?
What were the key events from
Versailles to Pearl Harbor that
resulted in the United States entry
into World War II.
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