Transcript Rise to Totalitarianism

The Rise of Totalitarianism
&
The Causes of World War II
The Gathering Storm
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
Bell Work – Tuesday, 10 November 2015
In your ISN write down and answer the following question/s. You may use your ISN notes
if you can. You have 5 minutes and I will grade your completion of this task.
Name 8 different types of government systems.
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
Bell Work – Tuesday, 10 November 2015 - Answers
In your ISN write down and answer the following question/s. You may use your ISN notes
if you can. You have 5 minutes and I will grade your completion of this task.
Name 8 different types of governments.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Dictatorship
Constitutional Monarchy
Absolute Monarchy
Militarist
Pure Democracy
Representative Democracy
Fascist
Communist
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
INTRODUCTORY LESSON
8 TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS
Activity: Over the next three days you will partake in a project that will require you to
explore 8 different types of governments.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Dictatorship
Constitutional Monarchy
Absolute Monarchy
Militarist
Pure Democracy
Representative Democracy
Fascist
Communist
On Day 1, you will complete research within a group on one of the types of government.
On Day 2, you will create a poster featuring your type of government, and on Day 3,
you will complete a Gallery Walk, collecting information on the remaining 7 types on
your Study Guide Sheet.
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
Bell Work – Thursday, 12 November 2015
In your ISN write down and answer the following question/s. You may use your ISN notes.
You have 5 minutes and I will grade your completion of this task.
Please get into your groups & continue your project immediately. You should be finished
with your posters by the end of the period.
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
Bell Work – Friday, 13 November 2015
In your ISN write down and answer the following question/s. You may use your ISN notes.
You have 5 minutes and I will grade your completion of this task.
Please finish up any last details of your posters and be ready to move onto the Gallery
Walk portion of the project.
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
Bell Work – Monday, 16 November 2015
In your ISN write down and answer the following question/s. You may use your ISN notes.
You have 5 minutes and I will grade your completion of this task.
Write up one statement the captures the essence of each of the following types of
governments:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Dictatorship
Constitutional Monarchy
Absolute Monarchy
Militarist
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
Bell Work – Monday, 16 November 2015- Answers
In your ISN write down and answer the following question/s. You may use your ISN notes.
You have 5 minutes and I will grade your completion of this task.
Write up one statement the captures the essence of each of the following types of governments:
1. Dictatorship-one person has supreme control of every aspect of the state.
2, Constitutional Monarchy-the King or Queen is subordinate to the state’s parliament.
3. Absolute Monarchy-a King or Queen has complete control over ruling the state.
4. Militarist-the armed forces controls policy-making decisions for the state
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
UNIT IV VOCABULARY
•Totalitarianism
•Nazism
•Fascism
•Democracy
•Capitalism
•Dictatorship
• Benito Mussolini
• Adolf Hitler
•The Axis Powers
•The Allied Powers
Joseph Stalin
•Inflation
•The Munich Agreement
•The New Deal
• Hideki Tojo
•Emperor Hirohito
•President Franklin Delano Roosevelt
•The Great Depression
•Socialism
•Winston Churchill
•Isolationism
•The Soviet Union
•Regime
•Pearl Harbor
•The 1929 Stock Market Crash
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
Bell Work – Tuesday, 17 November 2015
In your ISN write down and answer the following question/s. You may use your ISN notes.
You have 5 minutes and I will grade your completion of this task.
Write up one statement the captures the essence of each of the following types of
governments:
5. Pure Democracy
6. Representative Democracy
7. Fascist
8. Communist
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
Bell Work – Tuesday, 17 November 2015- Answers
In your ISN write down and answer the following question/s. You may use your ISN notes.
You have 5 minutes and I will grade your completion of this task.
Write up one statement the captures the essence of each of the following types of governments:
5. Pure Democracy-the people in the state maintain control by voting on all of the interests that are
related to how they are governed.
6. Representative Democracy-the people maintain control by electing individuals in the state to
speak on behalf of their interests on issues related to how they are governed.
7. Fascist-the state emphasizes an extreme & aggressive form of nationalism.
8. Communist-common ownership of the means of production in the state.
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
Bell Work – Thursday, 19 November 2015
In your ISN write down and answer the following question/s. You may use your ISN notes.
You have 5 minutes and I will grade your completion of this task.
Review your definitions for the following types of governments and be ready to answer
questions regarding them.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Dictatorship
Constitutional Monarchy
Absolute Monarchy
Militarist
Pure Democracy
Representative Democracy
Fascist
Communist
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
Bell Work – Monday, 7 December 2015
In your ISN write on page 92 Recall your project from last week and write
about one cause of World War II that you think was the most salient or
important.
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE RISE OF TOTALITARIANISM
& THE CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
Essential Question:
What were the underlying causes of World War II?
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
1. The Treaty of Versailles, 1919
A. Germany lost land to surrounding nations
B. German War Reparations
1) Germany must pay back Allies $57
trillion (inflation adjusted) in war debts
2) Bankrupted the German economy &
embarrassed the German people
Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau,
& Woodrow Wilson during
negotiations
for the Treaty
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
2. The World-wide Depression
A. The Depression worsened the German debt
B. Desperate people turn to seemingly strong
leaders to bring solutions to their problems
1) In the 1930s, Hitler offered himself & the Nazi
Party up as the key to a German rebirth
1923 – Children playing with stacks of
German Deutchmarks
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
3. The Rise of Totalitarian Regimes with Imperialistic Desires
A. Under a Totalitarian regime, individual rights are not viewed as being
as important as the needs of the nation
El Caudillo
Francisco Franco
Spain
Il Duce
Benito Mussolini
Italy
Der Führer
Adolf Hitler
Germany
Prime Minister
Hideki Tojo
Japan
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism
18 & the Causes of World War II
General Secretary
Joseph Stalin
The Soviet Union
THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
The Totalitarian Regimes
Country: Spain
Type of Government: Francoism (dictatorship)
Goals & Ideas:
•Rose to power during The Spanish Civil War
•Offered support to Nazi Germany & Italy, but remained neutral
during World War II
El Caudillo
Francisco Franco
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
The Totalitarian Regimes
Country: Italy
Type of Government: Fascism (dictatorship)
Goals & Ideas:
•Centralized all power in himself as leader (total control of
social, economic, and political life)
•Ambition to restore the glory of Rome
•Invasion of Ethiopia & Designs on more of North Africa
•Alliance with Nazi Germany
Il Duce
Benito Mussolini
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
The Totalitarian Regimes
Country: Germany
Type of Government: Nazism (dictatorship)
Goals & Ideas:
•Inflation and depression weakened the democratic government in
Germany and allowed an opportunity for Hitler to rise to power
•Believed the western powers had no intention of using force to
maintain the Treaty of Versailles
•Anti-Semitism: Persecution of Jews
•Extreme nationalism: National Socialism (aka Nazism)
•Aggression: German occupation of nearby countries
•Lebensraum: More land for the Germans
Der Führer
Adolf Hitler
•Anschluss: German union with Austria
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
The Totalitarian Regimes
Country: Japan
Type of Government: Militarism (dictatorship)
Goals & Ideas:
•Though Japan had an emperor, the military had taken control of
the government
•Emperor Hirohito could not stand up to the powerful generals,
but he was worshipped by the people, who often fought in his
name
•Industrialization of Japan, lending to a drive for raw materials –
how do you get raw materials? IMPERIALISM
Prime Minister
Hideki Tojo
•Invasion of Korea, Manchuria, and the rest of China (The
League of Nations did nothing)
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
The Totalitarian Regimes
Country: The Soviet Union
Type of Government: Totalitarian Communism (dictatorship)
Goals & Ideas:
•Crushed opponents and took control after the death of Lenin
•Held absolute authority; suppressed resistance
•Brought his country to world power status but imposed upon it one
of the most ruthless regimes in history
•New Economic Policies (NEP)
•Collectivization: exported seized goods and gained enough
capital to finance a massive industrialization drive
•Rapid industrialization: three 5-year plans
General Secretary
Joseph Stalin
•The Great Purges: KGB = secret police killed thousands of army
officers and prominent Bolsheviks who opposed Stalin
•Feared the growing power of Nazi Germany
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
4. Isolationism
A. Why was the U.S. Isolationist?
1. Great Depression (problems at home)
2. Perceptions of WWI
a. WWI did not seem to solve much
b. People began to think that we got into WWI for the wrong reasons (greedy
American businessmen!)
3. Opposition to war (Pacifism)
a. Washington Conference - Limits on size of the country's navies
b. Kellogg-Briand pact - condemned war as a way to solving conflicts
B. This led to policies of Appeasement
1. Appeasement: give dictators what they want and hope that they will not ask
for more
2. Begins with Japanese invasion of Manchuria, Italian invasion of Ethiopia,
and continues with German annexation of the Rhineland & …
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
Life in The Soviet Union
• Soviet leader Joseph Stalin ordered his people to
produce more goods in order to strengthen the
country in preparation for war.
• Farmers were forced to give up their land and to
join collective farms.
• Millions of farmers that resisted were either killed
or sent to labor camps called GULAGs.
•The term “GULAG” is an acronym for the Soviet
bureaucratic institution, Glavnoe Upravlenie
ispravitel’no-trudovykh LAGerei (Main
Administration of Corrective Labor Camps), that
operated the Soviet system of forced labor camps in
the Stalin era.
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
Resistance is Futile
Prisoners work at Belbaltlag, a GULAG camp for building the White Sea-Baltic Sea Canal .
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
Resistance is Futile
Prisoners mine gold at Kolyma, the most notorious
GULAG camp in extreme northeastern Siberia.
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
Life in a GULAG
(courtesy of the Evfrosiniia Kersnovskaia Foundation, Moscow)
“The arrival at the corrective labor camp turned out to be the culmination of the
humiliation. First we were made to strip naked and were shoved into some roofless
enclosures made out of planks. Above our heads the stars twinkled; below our bare feet
lay frozen excrement. An enclosure measured 3 square feet. Each held three to four
naked, shivering, and frightened men & women. Then these ‘kennel cages’ were opened
one after the other and the naked people were led across a courtyard, the camp version of
a foyer into a special building where our documents were ‘formulated’ and our things
were searched. The goal of the search was to leave us with rags, and to take the good
things; sweaters, mittens, socks, scarves, vests, and good shoes for themselves. Ten
thieves shamelessly fleeced these destitute and barely alive people. “ ‘Corrective’ is
something that should make you better, and ‘labor’ ennobles you. But ‘camp’? A camp
wasn‘t a jail. So then what on earth was going on?”
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
Resistance is Futile
A drawing by Evfrosiniia Kersnovskaia, a former GULAG prisoner. Courtesy of Evfrosiniia Kersnovskaia
Foundation, Moscow.
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
Resistance is Futile
Have you ever been late to work?
In the Stalin era, a person who arrived late to work three times could be
sent to the GULAG for three years.
Have you ever told a joke about a government official?
In the Stalin era, many were sent to the GULAG for up to 25 years for
telling an innocent joke about a Communist Party official.
If your family was starving, would you take a few potatoes left in a
field after harvest?
In the Stalin era, a person could be sent to the GULAG for up to ten years
for such petty theft.
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
Resistance is Futile
Trying to feed her four hungry children during the
massive 1932-1933 famine, the peasant mother
allegedly stole three pounds of rye from her former
field—confiscated by the state as part of
collectivization. Soviet authorities sentenced her to
ten years in the GULAG. When her sentence expired
in 1943, it was arbitrarily extended until the end of the
war in 1945. After her release, she was required to
live in exile near her GULAG camp north of the Arctic
Circle, and she was not able to return home until
1956, 3 years after the death of Stalin. Maria
Tchebotareva never found her children after her
release.
Maria Tchebotareva
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
Resistance is Futile
Seeking the appearance of democracy, the
Soviet Union held elections, but only one
Communist Party candidate appeared on the ballot
for each office. Fear of punishment ensured that
nearly all Soviet citizens “voted” by taking their
ballot and ceremoniously placing it into a ballot box.
In 1949, Ivan Burylov, a beekeeper, protested
this absurd ritual by writing the word “Comedy” on
his “secret” ballot. Soviet authorities linked the
ballot to Burylov and sentenced him to eight years
in camps for this “crime.”
Ivan Burylov
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
Resistance is Futile
Stalin’s drive to seize all private
land in the 1920s and 1930s met
significant resistance. Some
victims were shot, some were
arrested and sent into the
GULAG camps, and many were
exiled to remote parts of the
country.
Trial of so-called rich peasants in 1929.
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE RISE OF TOTALITARIANISM
& THE CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
Closure:
What have we learned today?
&
What more do we want to know?
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
Bell Work – Tuesday, 8 December 2015
In your ISN page 94You may use your ISN notes. Describe this political cartoon:
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE RISE OF TOTALITARIANISM
& THE CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
Essential Question:
What were the goals & actions taken by Germany, Japan, & Italy ( The
eventual Axis Powers) that led to World War II?
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE OVERT CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
Mussolini wants a new Roman Empire
Mussolini's ultimate goal was to create a
new Roman Empire. He began by
invading and conquering Ethiopia as well
as by aiding Francisco Franco in the
Spanish Civil War. Even before his
military actions, he signed the Lateral
Accords, stating that Pope Pius XI would
finally recognize Italy as an independent
state.
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE OVERT CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
Japan wants their own Empire
• Japan felt that they had
the right to start an
overseas empire, just as
European countries such
as Britain and France had
done.
• In 1931, Japan seized
Manchuria, China, for its
valuable coal and iron.
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE OVERT CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
Japan wants their own Empire
• The League of
Nations failed to help
China.
• In 1937, Japan began
an all out attack on
China, eventually
conquering Korea and
French Indo-China as
well (the colonies
controlled by France).
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE OVERT CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
Hitler envisions The Third Reich
•Hitler desires to reunite the lands formally
possessed by Germany that were taken away as
a result of the Treaty of Versailles (The
Rhineland, Danzig and the Polish corridor).
•He also wants to unite all the ethnic Germans in
Europe into the one German Reich (Austria &
Sudetenland).
•His desires also included the acquisition of
additional lands to allow the German people
more “Lebensraum”(Living Room).
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE OVERT CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
Re-occupation of the Rhineland
7 March 1936
•In violation of the Treaty of
Versailles, German troops move
into the de-militarized Rhineland,
the area bordering France and
Belgium.
German troops cross the Rhine River
during the remilitarization of the
Rhineland, 7 March 1936.
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE OVERT CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE OVERT CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
Anschluss
12 March 1938
Anschluss*
•German Annexation of Austria
•Most Austrians welcomed the
Nazis with open arms.
*Anschluss: the Nazi propaganda
term for the invasion & forced
incorporation of Austria to Nazi
Germany.
Members of the League of German Girls wave Nazi flags in
support of the German annexation of Austria in Vienna,
Austria.
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE OVERT CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE OVERT CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
The Sudeten Crisis
Schoolchildren welcome Adolf Hitler as he enters the
Sudetenland
1938
•Germany wants to claim the
Sudetenland, a part of
Czechoslovakia inhabited with 3
million ethnic Germans.
•British Prime Minister Neville
Chamberlain met with Adolf Hitler
in Berchtesgaden on September
15 and agreed to the cession of
the Sudeten territories. Three days
later, French Prime Minister
Édouard Daladier did the same.
No Czechoslovak representative
was invited to these discussions.
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE OVERT CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE OVERT CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
The Munich Agreement
Before signing the Munich Agreement. From left to right:
Chamberlain, Daladier, Hitler, Mussolini, & Ciano.
•Chamberlain met Hitler in Godesberg on
September 22 to confirm the agreements, but
Hitler now demanded, not only the annexation of
the Sudeten territories, but also the immediate
military occupation of the territories.
•To achieve a solution, the Italian leader, Benito
Mussolini, suggested a conference of the major
powers in Munich.
•On September 29, 1938, Hitler, Daladier,
Mussolini, and Chamberlain met and signed the
Munich Agreement, accepting the immediate
occupation of the Sudetenland. Chamberlain then
returned to Britain with the agreement, proclaiming
"Peace in Our Time". This peace did not last long.
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE OVERT CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
•Britain & France gave into Germany hoping that
it would avoid warfare, this circumstance being
referred to as appeasement.
Soviet poster of the 1930's by Kukryniksy
on The Munich Agreement.
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE OVERT CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
15 March 1939
•Emboldened by recent events, Hitler
invades Czechoslovakia and proclaims the
Czech Protectorate of Bohemia and
Moravia.
•The Slovak portion proclaimed their own
state, the Slovak Republic, which became a
satellite state and ally of Nazi Germany.
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE OVERT CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
23 August 1939
Hitler & Stalin sign a Nonaggression Pact
•In this Nazi-Soviet Pact, Hitler & Stalin
agreed not to attack one another. This
agreement shocked the world. They each
considered the other to be mortal enemies.
•The Soviet Union will stay out of any conflict
in return for 1/2 of Poland (this part of the pact
was not revealed until after Germany invaded
Poland)
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE RISE OF TOTALITARIANISM
& THE CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
Closure:
What have we learned today?
&
What more do we want to know?
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
Bell Work – Wednesday, 9 December 2015
In your ISN write down and answer the following question/s. You may use your ISN notes.
You have 5 minutes and I will grade your completion of this task.
?
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE RISE OF TOTALITARIANISM
& THE CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
Essential Question:
What strategies did Hitler employ in conducting the war?
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
WORLD WAR II BEGINS
Hitler invades Poland – Case White
• From 24 October 1938 through 31 August
1939 Hitler has been expressing his desire to
reunite the city of Danzig (lost after WWI) as
well as gaining access ability to East Prussia
(part of Germany). Negotiations with Britain,
France, & Poland are unsuccessful and as a
result he decides to invade Poland on 1
September 1939
• 2 September 1939 Hitler annexes the city
of Danzig & informs Britain & France that
he will withdraw from Poland if he is
allowed to keep Danzig & the Polish
Corridor. They refuse his demands.
Hitler's triumphal entry into Danzig, Poland 1939
•3 September 1939 Great Britain & France
finally declare war on Germany
•World War II has officially begun
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
WORLD WAR II BEGINS
Poland is doomed
•Hitler continues his invasion of
Poland from the west
•17 September 1939 The Soviet
Union attacks from the east as
per the Nazi-Soviet pact
•By 6 October 1939 the
campaign was over resulting in
the complete annexation and
division of Poland between
Germany & The Soviet Union.
•Poland is no more
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
WORLD WAR II BEGINS
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
WORLD WAR II BEGINS
The German Blitzkrieg
1939 – Poland is defeated by a war
strategy that became known as the
blitzkrieg. a German term for
“lightning war,” Blitzkrieg is a
military tactic designed to create
disorganization among enemy
forces through the use of mobile
forces and locally concentrated
firepower. Its successful
execution results in short military
campaigns, which preserves
human lives and limits the
expenditure of artillery.
Polish Garrison of Warsaw Marching out of City After the Surrender
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
WORLD WAR II BEGINS
William (Welek) Luksenburg
Describes the first night of the German invasion of Poland [1990 interview]
Shortly after the German invasion of Poland in September 1939, William's family was ordered into a ghetto and his
brother went to a work camp. William bribed officials to discharge his brother from a hospital destined for evacuation
to Auschwitz. Later, after escaping from a prison camp to tend to his brother, William was jailed. He was sent to
Blechhammer, Gleiwitz (where he met his future wife), and other camps. William collapsed during a death march near
the Austrian border, but was then liberated. His parents and brother perished. “Things began to change right the first
night. The first night there were blackouts all over town. They would have a curfew. After dark, nobody's supposed to
leave the house. The first memorable night is, was, when I...when some of our neighbors tried to...a young man tried to
cross the street and he didn't realize just crossing the street, uh, would...would break, breach the curfew and a German
soldier said, "Halt," and he kept on running. And he got machine-gunned all the way across, and he fell right in front of
our house. So the Germans started yelling, all the men "'Raus" [Get out], all the men out to help carry the body in and
made me carry the body with four other persons. And because, the way he was machine-gunned, he was completely
like cut in half. When I got home I was completely covered with blood, and I remember when I got into the house, my
mother looked at me completely covered. There was something...such an awful thing to see first time. I was just
absolutely covered with blood, and I always remember my mother's, uh, expression and my mother's fear and my
mother's cry out when she saw me completely covered with blood and that was the first night, the first expression what
was...We didn't know what's coming and it was a horrible thing, that first night.”
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
WORLD WAR II BEGINS
The Success of The Blitzkrieg
Over the next year, Hitler invades the
following countries:
9 April 1940 - Denmark
9 April 1940 - Norway
15 May 1940 The Netherlands
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
WORLD WAR II BEGINS
The Success of The Blitzkrieg
Over the next year, Hitler invades the
following countries:
10 May 1940 - Belgium
10 May 1940 - France
Hitler in Paris
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
WORLD WAR II BEGINS
Hitler invades France – Case Red
1940
Swastika flag rises over Versailles & Paris
The German western campaign into the Low Countries and
France shattered Allied lines. Within six weeks, Britain evacuated
its forces from the Continent and France requested an armistice
with Germany. Paris, the French capital, fell to the Germans on
June 14, 1940. In this footage, triumphant German forces raise the
swastika flag over Versailles and over the Eiffel Tower in Paris.
Versailles, the traditional residence of French kings, was deeply
symbolic for the Germans: it was the site of both the declaration of
the German Empire in 1871 and the signing of the Treaty of
Versailles of 1919. The Treaty of Versailles had imposed
humiliating peace terms on Germany after its defeat in World War
I. Germany would occupy Paris for the next four years, until 1944.
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
WORLD WAR II BEGINS
France signs the Armistice
Hitler decided that the 22 June 1940 signing should take
place in the same rail carriage, Compiègne Wagon, where the
Germans had signed the 1918 armistice
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
WORLD WAR II BEGINS
Europe 1940
1935-1939
1939
1941
• By this time, The Soviet
Union had seized eastern
Poland, Finland, Estonia,
Latvia, and Lithuania.
• and Germany had
conquered western Poland,
Denmark, Belgium, The
Netherlands, Norway, &
France.
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
WORLD WAR II BEGINS
Operation Sea Lion or The Battle of Britain
In the summer and fall of 1940, German and
British air forces clashed in the skies over the
United Kingdom, locked in the largest sustained
bombing campaign to that date. A significant
turning point of World War II, the Battle of Britain
ended when Germany’s Luftwaffe failed to gain
air superiority over the Royal Air Force despite
months of targeting Britain’s air bases, military
posts and, ultimately, its civilian population.
Britain’s decisive victory saved the country from
a ground invasion and possible occupation by
German forces while proving that air power alone
could be used to win a major battle.
German bomber over London
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
WORLD WAR II BEGINS
Operation Sea Lion or The Battle of Britain
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
WORLD WAR II BEGINS
Operation Sea Lion or The Battle of Britain
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
WORLD WAR II BEGINS
Operation Sea Lion or The Battle of Britain
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
WORLD WAR II BEGINS
Operation Sea Lion or The Battle of Britain
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
WORLD WAR II BEGINS
Operation Sea Lion or The Battle of Britain
4 June 1940
“... We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in France,
we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight
with growing confidence and growing strength in the
air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may
be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the
landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the
streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never
surrender …”
Winston Churchill, British Prime Minister
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE RISE OF TOTALITARIANISM
& THE CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
Closure:
What have we learned today?
&
What more do we want to know?
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
Bell Work – Thursday, 10 December 2015
In your ISN write down and answer the following question/s. You may use your ISN notes.
You have 5 minutes and I will grade your completion of this task.
?
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE RISE OF TOTALITARIANISM
& THE CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
Essential Question:
What was Lend/Lease?
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE RISE OF TOTALITARIANISM
& THE CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
Activity:
Thursday & Friday - You will view PowerPoint notes and complete an
activity on Lend-Lease.
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
WORLD WAR II BEGINS
Meanwhile…back in the United States…
4 November 1939
• The Neutrality Act of 1939 is passed, allowing for arms trade with belligerent nations on
a cash-and-carry basis, thus in effect ending the arms embargo adopted as a result of
the United States’ Isolationist policies. As a result of this Cash and Carry Policy,
Britain and France could now buy goods from the United States if they paid in
full and transported them. This policy paved the way for Lend-Lease.
16 September 1940
• The United States prepared for war by setting up the first ever peacetime draft in U.S.
history.
5 November 1940
• Breaking with tradition, Franklin Delano Roosevelt ran for, and won, a third term as
President.
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
WORLD WAR II BEGINS
Arsenal of Democracy
11 March 1941
Lend-Lease Act
•Allowed sales or loans to
“any country whose defense the
President deems vital to the defense
of the United States”
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
WORLD WAR II BEGINS
Operation Barbarossa
22 June 1941
Germany launched a surprise attack on the
Soviet Union.
• The Soviet Union now joins the Allies
• The U.S. decides to extend Lend-Lease
aid to the Soviets as well.
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
WORLD WAR II BEGINS
The United States & Great Britain Plan
The Atlantic Charter
•President Franklin Delano Roosevelt &
British Prime Minister Winston Churchill
secretly meet on 14 August 1941, to
establish the goals for the end of the war
after defeating Germany:
• To seek no territorial gain from the war
• To support all peoples to choose their
own form of government
•Called for a “permanent system of
general security”, such as the League of
Nations
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE RISE OF TOTALITARIANISM
& THE CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
Closure:
What have we learned today?
&
What more do we want to know?
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
Bell Work – Friday, 11 December 2015
In your ISN write down and answer the following question/s. You may use your ISN notes.
You have 5 minutes and I will grade your completion of this task.
?
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
THE RISE OF TOTALITARIANISM
& THE CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
Essential Question:
What were the events surrounding Pearl Harbor?
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
Pearl Harbor (video link)
• On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the U.S. fleet at Pearl
Harbor, Hawaii.
• Approximately 2,400 Americans were killed and most the
Pacific fleet was destroyed.
* The U.S.
declared war on
Japan the
following day,
officially entering
World War II.
Meanwhile … in the Pacific
•Pearl Harbor: “a date which will live in infamy”
What?
Surprise attack by the
Japanese on American forces
in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
Effect?
US declares war on Japan & other
Axis powers
USS Arizona Sinking in Pearl Harbor
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
Address to Congress Requesting a Declaration of War with
Japan - December 8, 1941 (7:56)
Mr. Vice President, and Mr. Speaker, and Members of the Senate and House of
Representatives:
Yesterday, December 7, 1941 -- a date which will live in infamy -- the United
States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the
Empire of Japan.
The United States was at peace with that Nation and, at the solicitation of Japan,
was still in conversation with its Government and its Emperor looking toward the
maintenance of peace in the Pacific. Indeed, one hour after Japanese air squadrons had
commenced bombing in the American Island of Oahu, the Japanese Ambassador to the
United States and his colleague delivered to our Secretary of State a formal reply to a
recent American message. And while this reply stated that it seemed useless to continue
the existing diplomatic negotiations, it contained no threat or hint of war or of armed
attack.
It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the
attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. During the intervening
time the Japanese Government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by
false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace.
The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian Islands has caused severe damage to
American naval and military forces. I regret to tell you that very many American lives
have been lost. In addition American ships have been reported torpedoed on the high
seas between San Francisco and Honolulu.
Yesterday the Japanese Government also launched an attack against Malaya.
Last night Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong.
Last night Japanese forces attacked Guam.
Last night Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands.
Last night the Japanese attacked Wake Island. And this morning the Japanese
attacked Midway Island.
Japan has, therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the
Pacific area. The facts of yesterday and today speak for themselves. The people of the
United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications
to the very life and safety of our Nation.
As Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy I have directed that all measures
be taken for our defense.
But always will our whole Nation remember the character of the
onslaught against us.
No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the
American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory. I believe
that I interpret the will of the Congress and of the people when I assert that we will not
only defend ourselves to the uttermost but will make it very certain that this form of
treachery shall never again endanger us.
Hostilities exist. There is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory, and
our interests are in grave danger.
With confidence in our armed forces- with the unbounding determination of our
people- we will gain the inevitable triumph- so help us God.
I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by
Japan on Sunday, December 7, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United
States and the Japanese Empire.
THE OVERT CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II – Nazi Germany
THE COSTS OF WORLD WAR II
Financial Cost:
US Debt in 1940 - $9 billion vs. US Debt in 1945 - $98 billion
The war cost $330 billion -- 10 times the cost of WWI & as much as all
previous federal spending since 1776
Human Cost:
Over 60 million people died (compared to 15 million in WWI)
21.3 million Russians (7.7 million civilians)
11 million died as a result of the HOLOCAUST (6 million Jews + 5 million
others)
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
1939 - WORLD WAR II TIMELINE - 1945
September 1st
Germany invades
Poland (official start
to the war)
May 7th
Germans Surrender
1939
1941
September 3rd
Britain & France
declare war on
Germany
December 7th
Japan bombs Pearl
Harbor; US enters
the War
1945
September 2nd
Japanese Surrender
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
1939 - WHO WAS INVOLVED - 1945
The Major Allied Powers
The Major Axis Powers
Great Britain
The Soviet Union
(The Soviet Union joined The Allies in June of
1941 after their pact with Germany endedGermany attacked The Soviet Union!!!)
The United States
France
Germany
Italy
Japan
(France surrendered to Germany in
1940 (after 6 weeks of fighting)
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
1939 - WHO WERE THE AXIS LEADERS - 1945
Il Dulce
Benito Mussolini
Italy
Der Führer
Adolf Hitler
Germany
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
Prime Minister
Hideki Tojo
Japan
1939 - WHO WERE THE ALLIED LEADERS - 1945
General Secretary
Joseph Stalin
The Soviet Union
(joined the Allies
in June of 1941)
Prime Minister
Neville Chamberlain
The United Kingdom
1937-1940
Prime Minister
Winston Churchill
The United Kingdom
1940-1945
Unit IV – The Rise of Totalitarianism & the Causes of World War II
President
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
The United States