Transcript Rise of Fascism - Troup County Schools

Rise of Fascism
• Element: Describe the rise of fascism in
Europe and Asia by comparing the policies of
Benito Mussolini in Italy, Adolf Hitler in
Germany, and Hirohito in Japan.
• Vocabulary: fascism, Benito Mussolini, Adolf
Hitler, Hirohito
Activate
• What was the purpose of the Treaty of
Versailles?
• In what 2 ways did the treaty punish
Germany?
• Do you think that Germans would have put
their trust in Hitler without the Treaty of
Verailles?
Fascism
Description:
• a nationalistic movement
• anti-democratic and anti-communist
• a strong central government with a single
dictator to run the state that glorified the
state above the individual
Fascist?
• No clearly defined
political program
(follow the leader)
• were nationalists who
wore uniforms,
glorified war, and were
racist
Characteristics
• uses propaganda, rallies, beatings, and
intimidation to gain power and popular
support
• leaders are charismatic
• promise better times and national glory
• blame outside groups for the country’s
problems
Fascism in Italy
Gained Power:
• ineffective postwar government
• used violence to put down a number of
industrial strikes and deal with social unrest
• won support from middle class industrialists
and large landowners
Fascism in Italy
Charismatic Leader:
• Benito Mussolini
• emerged in 1922
• Italy’s king, Emmanuel
III named Mussolini
prime minister
• established himself as
dictator of Italy
• known as Il Duce (the
Leader)
Fascism in Italy
National Glory:
• envisioned to restore Italy
to ancient Roman Empire
• supported Catholicism, and
appealed to Italian
nationalism
• 30,000 people marched to
Rome and demanded
Mussolini be given power in
1922
Fascism in Italy
Blamed Outsiders:
• Mussolini’s followers
were the “Black Shirts”
• attacked communists in
the streets
In Summary…
• List some characteristics of fascists?
• What did Benito Mussolini promise the Italian
people?
• What were his followers known as?
Agreement on 1 issue.
• Do you want to know when the Treaty of
Versailles will be destroyed? asked one
communist speaker: When the Red Army
stands at the French Frontier…A Nazi
countered: We shall tear up the Versailles
Treaty without any Red Army. And he
continued: only National Socialism can win
back all that has been taken from us.
Fascism in Germany
Gained Power:
• won loyalty of conservatives, anticommunists, and many of the nation’s
churches
• considered the country’s defeat in WWI and
the Treaty of Versailles a humiliation
• took advantage of the nation’s discontent and
the economic depression of the 1920s to win
many Germans
Do You Remember?
Fascism in Germany
Charismatic Leader:
• Adolf Hitler
• “Fuhrer” (guide of Germany)
• In 1921Fascist leader of the Nazi
Party (Brown Shirts)
• tried and failed to seize power in
1923
• became chancellor of Germany in
1933
• seized more power with Enabling
Act
Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
• wrote while in prison
• Outlined beliefs & goals
for Germany
• Germans were the
“master race”
• declared all Jews, Gypsies,
Slavs, and handicapped
inferior
• abolish Treaty of
Versailles and conquer
Europe
In Summary…
• Hitler was apart of the _________ Party.
• Which types of people were inferior, according
to Hitler?
• What were Hitler’s followers known as?
Fascism in Germany
National Glory:
• Hitler gave nationalist
speeches
• promised to return
Germany’s honor
following defeat WWI
• labeled new
government “Third
Reich”
Don’t be left out
• The Volkischer Beobachter reported that, “The
wave of acclamation for Hitler was infectious.
And it served not only to reinforce the
devotion of the already converted, but to
isolate the reluctant and hesitant by making
them feel outsiders from a society in which
the adulation expressed by millions was the
norm.” Ibid. , 57.
Fascism in Germany
Blamed Outsiders:
• Nazi Party enacted programs against Jewish
people
• 1935 “Nuremberg laws”
• 1938 “Kristallnacht” (night of shattered glass)
• Concentration Camps
• “Final Solution” = Death Camps
Nuremberg Laws
• prevented Jews from being German citizens
• forbade marriages between Jews and German
citizens
• required Jews to wear yellow Stars of David
Kristallnacht
• November 9, 1938
burned Jewish
synagogues and
destroyed thousands of
Jewish businesses
• killed at least 100
people and sent thirty
thousand Jewish men to
concentration camps
After Kristallnacht
• Jews were barred from all public
transportation, schools, and hospitals
• could not own, manage, or work in a retail
store
• encouraged to leave Germany
In Summary…
• When did people begin paying Hitler some
attention?
• What are examples of the Nuremberg Laws?
• Explain the significance of Kristallnacht.
Japan
Gained Power:
• food shortages, inflation, and other economic
problems led to riots and unrest
• Great Depression had a severe impact on
workers and farmers
• trouble finding sources of raw materials and
foreign markets
• political rivalries resulted in the military
seizing power
Japan
Charismatic Leader:
• Hirohito
• Emperor of Japan
• reigned from December 25, 1926, until his death
in 1989
• General Hideki Tojo assumed the role of Japan’s
premier
• led the nation through WWII
• ruled in the name of the Emperor
Japan
Hirohito
General Tojo
Japan
National Glory:
• Japan placed on wartime status
• in 1938 a military draft begun
• government controlled all economic resources
• Labor unions were disbanded
• only one political party
• Traditionalists called for a return to older
Japanese values
Japan
Blamed Outsiders:
• rejected the influence of Western ideas in
education and politics
• Western ideas were purged from education
and culture
Let’s summarize …
• In what ways was the rise of fascism in Italy,
Germany and Japan the same?
• In what ways was the rise of fascism of Italy,
Germany and Japan different?