Transcript WWII - davis.k12.ut.us

Out of Many
A History of the American People
Seventh Edition Brief Sixth Edition
Chapter
25
World War II
1941-1945
Out of Many: A History of the American People, Brief Sixth Edition
John Mack Faragher • Mari Jo Buhle • Daniel Czitrom • Susan H. Armitage
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
World War II
1941-1945
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The Coming of World War II
The Great Arsenal of Democracy
The Home Front
Men and Women in Uniform
The World at War
The Last Stages of War
Conclusion
Chapter Focus Questions
• What steps did Roosevelt take in the late
1930s to prepare the United States for
war?
• How did the government marshal the
nation’s resources to fight the war?
• What major changes occurred in American
society as a consequence of wartime
mobilization?
Chapter Focus Questions (cont’d)
• What role did women play in the armed
forces during World War II?
• What were the main elements of the Allied
war strategy?
• What were the factors behind the decision
to deploy the atomic bomb against Japan?
The Coming of World War II
This photograph shows the explosion of the
USS Shaw
The Shadows of War Across the
Globe
• Militaristic authoritarian regimes that had
emerged in Japan, Italy, and Germany
threatened peace throughout the world.
Roosevelt Readies for War
• By the mid-1930s many Americans had
concluded that entry into WWI and an
active foreign role for the United States
had been a serious mistake.
• College students protested against the
war.
• Congress passed the Neutrality Acts to
limit the sale of munitions to warring
countries.
Roosevelt Readies for War (cont’d)
• In 1940 FDR was reelected with a pledge
to keep out of war he knew he would not
be able to keep.
• In August 1941, FDR met with British
Prime Minister Winston Churchill and
drafted the Atlantic Charter—a statement
of war aims.
• In June 1941 Germany invaded Russia,
bringing the Soviets into the Allied camp.
Pearl Harbor
• The Japanese threatened to seize
Europe’s Asian colonies.
• Pacific Fleet transferred to Pearl Harbor in
anticipation of conflict.
• After Japan seized Indochina, FDR cut off
trade.
• Decoded Japanese cables made hostile
intentions clear, but not the target of
attack.
Pearl Harbor (cont'd)
• Japan attacked on Pearl Harbor on
12/7/41.
• The United States declared war on Japan.
• Germany and Italy declared war on the
U.S.
Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed a joint session of
Congress
The Great Arsenal of Democracy
A woman is shown riveting the wing of an
airplane
The Great Arsenal of Democracy
• By the time the United States entered
World War II, the U.S. economy had
already been re-geared for military
purposes. In a 1940 “fireside chat,”
Roosevelt called upon all Americans to
make the nation a “great arsenal of
democracy.”
The Great Arsenal of Democracy
(cont’d)
• Once the United States entered World War
II, the federal government poured an
unprecedented amount of energy and
money into wartime production and
assigned a huge army of experts to
manage it.
• The Great Depression suddenly ended.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qTXjnzusg7Y
• Propaganda
The Home Front
New Workers
• The demand for labor brought Mexicans,
Indians, African Americans, and women
into the industrial labor force.
These young couples helped the marriage rate
skyrocket
Norman Rockwell’s “Rosie, the Riveter”
New recruits to the Women’s Army Corps (WAC)
pick up their clothing
Women Enter the Military
• For the first time, the War Department
created women’s divisions of the major
services: WACs and WAVES and pilot and
Marine reserves.
Families in Wartime
• Marriage rates rose.
• Shortages of housing and retail goods
• With one-parent households increasing,
child-care issues arose.
 Some day-care assistance was available,
though it scarcely met people’s needs.
The Internment of Japanese
Americans
• Doubt of the loyalty of Japanese
American, prompted FDR Executive Order
9066 in February 1942.
• More than 112,000 Japanese were
removed from their homes in the West to
relocation centers, often enduring harsh
living conditions.
Young boys waiting in the baggage-inspection line
“Double V”: Victory at Home and
Abroad
• African-American activists launched a
“Double V” campaign calling for victory
overseas and equal rights at home.
• More than 1 million blacks left the South to
take jobs in war industries.
• They often encountered violent resistance
from local whites.
This painting is by Horace Pippin
Men and Women in Uniform
Kirk operating a portable radio unit in a jungle
clearing near the front lines
Men and Women in Uniform
• World War II mobilized 16.4 million
Americans into the armed forces.
Whether working in the steno pool at
Great Lakes Naval Training Center in
northern Illinois or slogging through mud
with rifle in hand in the Philippines
Creating the Armed Forces
Eisenhower and Macarther
The World at War
Bombers launched a devastating attack on
Dresden The city was left in ruins.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u
J0rxaEHZEo
• Battle of Midway – The
reconnaissance planes deployed to observe the
Japanese armada from a distance gave the U.S.
much needed hindsight. As a result, US carriers
were able to successfully ambush the Japanese
carriers as they descended on the Midway
Islands. With four Japanese carriers sunk and a
U.S. victory, Japan’s hope to invade Hawaii was
crushed.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v
3Lbv0K8gCs
• Battle of Okinawa – This battle was
nicknamed the “Typhoon of Steel” due to the
intense fighting and kamikaze attacks of the
Japanese coupled with the sheer numbers of
Allied ships and armored vehicles used in the
assault. The Battle of Okinawa saw the highest
number of casualties of the Pacific
Theater. Over 100,000 Japanese were either
killed, captured or committed suicide. The Allies
lost more than 65,000.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5
Y0gdFisD9k
• Battle of Iwo Jima – In February of
1945, US Marines landed on the island and
ensued in what was some of the fiercest,
bloodiest fighting experienced in the Pacific
Theater during WWII. In all, more than 6,000
Marines were killed and an estimated 20,000
Japanese. Upon successfully securing this tiny
five mile island, the Marines raised the American
flag, a scene which has since been forever
memorialized.
War In Europe
Soviets Halt Nazi Drive
• The Soviets broke the siege of Stalingrad
in February 1943 and began to push the
Germans back.
Planning and Initiating the Allied
Offensive (cont’d)
• U.S. and British planes bombed German
cities
 weakened the economy
 undermined civilian morale
 crippled the German air force
War in N. Africa
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iXnZJX
4pN74
The Allied Invasion of Europe
D-Day
• http://www.history.com/topics/world-warii/d-day/videos
•
Troop ships ferried Allied soldiers from England
to Normandy beaches
The High Cost of European Victory
• The Battle of the Bulge temporarily halted
the Allied advance.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8a8fqG
pHgsk
MAP 25.2 War in the Pacific
The War in Europe Ends
• After Christmas Day 1944, the Germans
retreated back into their own territory.
• In March 1945 an intact bridge across the
Rhine gave the Allies a route into the heart
of Germany.
• In the East, the Soviets drove through
Poland and besieged Berlin by April.
The Last Stages of War
Belsen Camp: The Compound for Women,
painted by American artist Leslie Cole
The Last Stages of War (cont’d)
• During 1944 and 1945, the “Big Three”
met to hammer out the shape of the
postwar world, not realizing how quickly
the Grand Alliance would fall apart in the
face of these issues.
The Yalta Conference
• In 1944 FDR was reelected to a 4th term.
Exhausted and ill, he still kept VP Truman
uninformed.
• Churchill, Stalin and FDR attempted to
hammer out the shape of the postwar
world.
• The ideals of the Atlantic Charter fell
before Soviet and British demands for
spheres of influence.
The Atomic Bomb
• The new president, Harry S. Truman, had
little leadership experience and lacked
FDR’s finesse, but planned a get-tough
policy with the Soviet Union.
• At Potsdam, little progress was made on
planning the future.
• Informed of a successful test, Truman
decided to use nuclear weapons against
the Japanese.