Transcript World War II - HISTORY - The Past Can Be a Blast!!!

WORLD WAR II
1939-1945
WAR BREAKS OUT
PRELUDE TO WAR
•Brutal dictators came
to power in Germany,
Italy and Russia
•Adolf Hitler promised
his Nazi party would
make Germany a
world power
•Germany annexed
Austria and
Czechoslovakia
•Great Britain & France
warned Hitler further
expansion would lead
to war
•Hitler invaded Poland
•War was declared
•Hitler quickly spread
across Europe
Benito Mussolini
Adolf Hitler
Joseph Stalin
WORLD WAR II POWERS
CAUSES OF WWII
Treaty of Versailles failed to bring peace after
WWI. Many Germans found the settlement
insulting because it punished the their country
unfairly.
Dictators of Germany, Japan and Italy
promoted a fanatical national pride called
fascism
The Axis powers wanted to conquer their
neighbors.
Japan (Asia), Italy (Africa), Germany (Europe &
then the world)
A terrible world wide economic depression hit.
Germany was hit especially hard due to the
WWI reparations it was forced to pay.
EARLY U.S. REACTIONS TO WAR
• Isolationism: Many Americans wanted to avoid
international commitments.
• Neutrality: FDR’s initial policy
• Neutrality Act of 1937: required warring countries to buy
nonmilitary supplies from the United States on a “cash and
carry” basis
• Lend Lease Program – Am. can lend or lease any
weapons to a country during the war that is “vital to the
American defense”
HOLOCAUST
•Hitler's goal was to eliminate the Jewish people,
homeless, homosexuals, gypsies, and the physically and
mentally disabled.
•Hitler's policy was genocide – mass murder of all
European Jews
•November 9, 1938 (Night of broken glass): ninety Jews
died, hundreds were injured, Jewish businesses were
destroyed, and synagogues were wrecked---known as
Kristallnacht
CONCENTRATION CAMPS
•1942: Nazi leaders met at the Wannese
Conference to decide the “final solution” of the
Jews and other “undesirables.”
•The plan: round up Jews and other “undesirables”
and take them to concentration camps—detention
centers where healthy individuals worked as slave
laborers.
•The elderly, the sick, and young children were sent
to extermination camps to be killed in large gas
chambers.
•Camps were built mostly in Poland. Thousands of
people were killed each day at these camps.
•In only a few years, Jewish culture had been
virtually obliterated by the Nazis in the lands they
conquered.
•6 million Jews and 6 million others were murdered
U.S. ENTERS AND WWII
ENDS
CAUSES U.S. ENTRY INTO WWII
Americans supported Allies after German
invasion of France.
German U-boat sank 2 American destroyers;
FDR ordered ships to follow a “shoot-onsight” policy toward German submarines.
FDR froze Japanese assets in U.S., reduced
oil to Japan, and sent troops to Philippines.
Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on
December 7, 1941 sinking 21 ships &
killing 2,403 Americans. U.S. declared war on
Japan.
Germany and Italy declared war on U.S.
U.S. MOBILIZES FOR WAR
• Even before Pearl Harbor, FDR & the U.S. were
mobilizing the economy.
• Economic incentives motivated factories to convert
to wartime production, while government boards
made sure that industrial production met military
requirements.
• Automobile factories began turning out tanks, rifles,
and even B-24 bombers, while shipyards churned out
Liberty ships.
• To build up the nation's armed forces, Congress
passed the Selective Service and Training Act.
Thousands of draftees were hurried through training
and rushed onto the battlefields.
WOMEN & MINORITIES IN THE WAR
• Rosie the Riveter campaign• Encouraged women to take men’s places in factories
• Most left after the war, but it changed American attitudes
about women working
• African Americans
• Executive Order 8802: no discrimination in employment
• Fair Employment Practices Commission- first civil rights
agency since Reconstruction
NAVAJO CODE TALKERS
• Navajo recruited to communicate in code
• The code assigned Navajo words to represent
about 450 frequently used military terms that did not
exist in the Navajo language
• Mostly used in the Pacific theater
RATIONING
• Wartime stresses affected nearly every American as
inflation, rationing, victory gardens, and war bonds
became a part of the social fabric of the war years.
• Women painted seams on legs to look like stockings
because silk was scarce.
• Ration coupons must be used for food, gas, etc.
• Speed limit set at 35mph to conserve fuel.
• Victory gardens- to conserve food
• Scrap drives to collect rubber, metal, etc.
JAPANESE INTERNMENT
• The federal government ordered the internment of all
people of Japanese ancestry. Approximately 112,000 to
120,000 Japanese and Japanese Americans from the
west coast were forcibly relocated to War Relocation
camps. 62% were U.S. citizens.
• FDR authorized the internment and designated "military
areas" from which "any or all persons may be excluded."
This power was used to declare most of the Pacific coast
as "Military Area Number One", and all people with
Japanese ancestry were then declared "excluded".
• The U.S. government officially apologized for the
internment in 1988, saying it was based on "race
prejudice, war hysteria, and a failure of political
leadership", and paid reparations to survivors. Some
compensations for property losses were also paid in 1948,
but most internees were unable to fully recover their
losses.
ITALIAN AMERICANS INTERNMENT CAMPS
• The internment of Italian Americans during World War II
has often been overshadowed by the Japanese
American experience. Roughly 600,000 Italians were
required to carry identity cards that labeled them
"resident aliens." Some 10,000 people in war zones on the
West Coast were required to move inland, while
hundreds of others were held in military camps for up to
two years. These wartime restrictions and internments
contributed more than anything else to the loss of
spoken Italian in the United States.
• After Italy declared war on the U.S., many Italian
language papers and schools were forced, almost
overnight, to close by the U.S. Government because of
their past support for an enemy government
D- DAY; JUNE 6, 1944
•Largest sea to land invasion
in history
•General Eisenhower gave
the order
•Landed on the beaches of
Normandy, France
•7,000 ships carrying over
100,000 soldiers
•23,000 paratroopers
•Code names for the
beaches = Omaha, Utah,
Juno, Gold and Sword
•The invasion broke through
the German line and was
successful
THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC –THE BATTLE OF
MIDWAY
•Battle of Midway – US
navy planes destroyed
much of Japan’s ships
and planes
•The Japanese lost 4 of
its largest carriers, 38
planes and was a
turning point for the
Americans
•Am.’s began to island hop
– a tactic that attacked
the Japanese on certain
islands
•Under General Douglas
Macarthur the Allies
capture Iwo Jima &
Okinawa
•Allies began preparing a
land invasion of Japan
THE MANHATTAN PROJECT
•Top secret effort to develop atomic bomb
•In New Mexico scientists tested the first successful atomic
bomb in Los Alamos in New Mexico
•08-6-1945 – The American plane Enola Gay dropped the
atomic bomb on the Japanese city Hiroshima
•The city was destroyed and 100,000 people died
•08-9-45 the second atomic bomb was dropped on
Nagasaki
•08-14-1945 – Japan surrendered
Hiroshima
Hiroshima
Nagasaki
Nagasaki
WAR ENDS
VE Day: May 8, 1945
• Victory in Europe Day- the date when the Allies
during WWII celebrated the defeat of Germany
and Hitler
VJ Day: August 15, 1945
• Victory over Japan Day
RESULTS OF WWII
30 to 45 million people lost their lives
Cost over 1 trillion $ leaving extensive damage
Millions of people in Asia & Europe lost their
homes. Some couldn't return to their countries.
Japan got a new constitution and a more
democratic government
German (Capital Berlin) was divided. West
Germany became independent. East controlled
by the Soviet Union.
The US and the Soviet Union became the chief
world powers; would lead to the Cold War
The United Nations was formed.
PROPAGANDA AT
HOME
PROPAGANDA POSTER ASSIGNMENT
Create a propaganda poster with ONE of the following
objectives:
1. Urge Americans to conserve food, fuel, etc.
2. Encourage women to take jobs in factories
3. Persuade Americans to support the Atomic Bomb
4. Convince Americans that Japanese Americans and
Italian Americans that are in internment camps are
necessary
5. Victorious poster for the Battle of Midway
6. Victorious poster for D-Day
Your poster CANNOT look like my examples! Be creative. It
MUST be
to get an A!
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