Transcript WW2 Erupts PPt

World War II Erupts
Chapter 16 Notes
Objectives:
• How did the aftermath of World War I
contribute to political problems in
Europe?
• How did the problems facing Europe in
the postwar years lead to the rise of
totalitarian leaders?
• What events exemplify the growing
use of military force by totalitarian
regimes in the 1930s?
• What alarming actions did Adolf Hitler
take in the mid-1930s?
Problems in Europe after WWI
• Millions dead
• Farms & cities ruined
• Economy in ruins
Problems in Europe after WWI
• Problems w/ Treaty of Versailles
– France --too easy
– Italy—ignored
– Germany—loses land, pay reparations, weak
gov’t.
Europe after World War I
Problems in Europe after WWI
• Problems w/ the League of Nations
– No military power
Rise of Dictators in Europe &
Asia
• Italy, 1922
– Benito Mussolini
– National Fascist Party
• Glorified state; no individual
rights
– Violence against Comm. &
Soc.
Italy
• 1935, Italy invades Ethiopia
• Ethiopians request help from League of
Nations & world—denied
Rise of Dictators in Europe &
Asia
• Spain, 1930s
– Francisco Franco
– Fascist
– General during the
Spanish Civil War,
emerges leader
Spanish Civil War
Nationalists
• Monarchy & monarchists
• Catholics & Catholic
Church
Popular Front
• Anarchists
• Basques
• Catalans
• Communists
• Republicans
• Socialists
Spanish Civil War
Guernica by Pablo Picasso
Rise of Dictators in Europe &
Asia
• Soviet Union
– Joseph Stalin
– Communist
– Seized power at
Lenin’s death
– Eliminated all
opposition (purges
& gulags)
Soviet Union
• Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
– Hitler agrees not to invade SU
– SU will stay out of war
– Divide Poland b/w them
Nazi-Soviet Non Aggression
Pact
Rise of Dictators in Europe &
Asia
• Japan
– Hideki Tojo (main military
leader; takes full control in
1940)
– Nationalist/Military gov’t.
Japan
• 1934—violates Washington Naval
Conference & builds up navy
Japan
• 1936—signs anticommunist pact w/
Germany
Japan
• 1937--Invades
Manchuria &
northern China
to gain resources
Japan
• 1941—invades French Indochina
– Interferes w/ American interests
– Won’t negotiate w/ FDR
Germany
• Germany,
– Adolf Hitler
– National Socialist
Party (Nazis)
– Failed attempt to
seize power in
1922-23
• Prison
• wrote Mien Kampf
Germany
– 1933—became chancellor (elected position)
• Gradually seized power & built up military
Germany
• First concentration camps
built, 1933
• Goering founds
GESTAPO, 1933
• the SS (Schutzstaffel) is
formed, 1934
• Hitler becomes Der
Fuherer, 1934
Hermann
Goering
CONCENTRATION
CAMPS
• 100 of these in Nazi-occupied Europe
• prisoners used for forced labor
• prisoners usually lasted less than 1/2
year
• communists, homosexuals, criminals,
social-democrats, artists.
• First camp was opened in 1933, right
after Nazis came to power
Germany
• Nuremberg Laws, 1935
Jews are not allowed to:
Marry or have sex hire Aryan women
with Aryans
as maids
have rights of
citizenship
Objectives:
• How did Germany’s actions in 1939
trigger the start of World War II?
• Where did German forces turn after
overrunning Poland in 1939?
• What developments increased
tensions between the United States
and Japan in East Asia?
Germany
• Heinreich Himmler
appointed chief of
German police, 1936
• 1936—Hitler places
troops in the Rhineland
(area that borders
France & Germany)
– GB & Fr do nothing to
stop this
Germany
Germany
• 1938—Anschluss—Hitler attempts to
unite Germans in Germany & Austria
– Austrian gov’t objects
– Hitler forces his way into Austria
– GB & Fr do nothing to stop this
Germany
• 1938--Hitler wants control of the
Sudetenland (area of Czechoslovakia)
– Encourages Germans in Sudetenland to
protest Czech. Gov’t.
– Munich Agreement--N. Chamberlain & other
Allies allow Hitler to annex the Sudetenland
(appeasement)
• Churchill is against appeasement
Munich Agreement
• Now we have
“peace in our
time!” Herr
Hitler is a man
we can do
business with. –
British Prime
Minister, Neville
Chamberlain
Germany
• Kristallnacht (night
of broken glass),
1939
Germany
• MS St. Louis turned away from US
Germany
• 1939—Hitler annexes
the rest of
Czechoslovakia
(appeasement fails)
– Signs pact w/ Italy
– Signs pact w/ Soviet
Union
Germany & Italy form alliance
Germany
• 1939--Hitler invades Poland
– Blitzkrieg
– German Jews sent to Poland, ghettos
established
– Allies (GB & Fr) declare war on Germany
• Wait for Hitler to attack through the Maginot
Line
• Hitler attacks through the Ardennes Forrest
German troops in
Warsaw, Poland
Germany
• 1940—Hitler invades Denmark & Norway
– Gives Germany more access to Atlantic
Ocean
Germany
• 1940—forms an alliance w/ Italy & Japan
– Tripartite Pact
– Axis Powers
Germany
• 1940--Hitler invades Belgium
Germany
• Hitler also invades
France
– Attacks through
Ardennes Forrest
– France surrenders to
Germany & Italy, June
1940
Maginot Line
Germany
• British troops
evacuate
Dunkirk, France,
June 1940
• Vichy France—
unconquered
area of France
The French Resistance
Gen. Charles DeGualle
Objectives:
• Why was a commitment to
isolationism so widespread in the
1930s?
• How did Roosevelt balance American
isolationism with the need to
intervene in the war?
• What did the United States do to
prepare for war in 1940 and 1941?
• What were the causes and effects of
the Japanese attack at Pearl Harbor?
US Isolationism
• Amer. questioned reasons & cost of
WWI
• Anti- League of Nations feelings
• 1935—Neutrality Act
– Prohibits sale of arms & loans to warring
countries
America First
Committee
US Intervention
• Individual Amer. participate in Spanish
Civil War: American Lincoln Brigade
• FDR ends trade w/ Italy following invasion
of Ethiopia
• FDR gives “Quarantine Speech”
US Intervention
• US builds up navy
• “Cash & Carry” policy
• FDR urges “All aid short of war”
US Intervention
• Lend Lease Act
• Atlantic Charter
– Agreement b/w
FDR & Churchill
– Against Hitler
Lend-Lease Act
• Great Britain............$31 billion
Soviet Union.............$11 billion
France.....................$3 billion
China....................$1.5 billion
Other European........$500 million
South America.........$400 million
The amount totaled:
$48,601,365,000
Japanese attack Pearl Harbor
• US conflict w/ Japan over Indochina
• US ends trade w/ Japan & freezes assets
in US
• US allies w/ Brit. & Fr.
Kamikaze Pilots
Admiral Isoroku
Yamamoto
Japanese attack Pearl Harbor
•
•
•
•
Attack lasted 2 hrs
8 battleships damaged; 4 sunk
200 aircraft destroyed
2,400 Americans killed
Pearl Harbor Memorial
Objectives:
• How did the U.S. armed forces
mobilize to fight World War II?
• What role did American industry
and science play in mobilizing to
fight World War II?
• How did mobilization challenge the
nation’s ideals of freedom?
FDR signs a
declaration of
war after
attacks on
Pearl Harbor
America Mobilizes for War
• Gen. George C. Marshall leads effort
– Mobilization ends the Depression
America Mobilizes for War
– Factories turn to wartime production
• Gov’t. regulated production
– National War Labor Board
– Smith Connally Act
• Opportunities for women:
– Factory jobs
• Rosie the Riveter
–
–
–
–
WAVES (Navy)
WACS (Army)
WASPS (Air Force)
Red Cross Nurses
Rosie the Riveter
This is my grandmother’s Nurse’s Aid class. Can you pick out
which lady she is?
My grandparents (Paul & Bette Bratten)
America Mobilizes for War
• New military bases
• Mass production of ships
– Henry Kaiser
• Draft reinstated; many volunteers
America Mobilizes for War
• Manhattan
Project
– Atomic bomb
– J. Robert
Oppenheimer &
Gen. Leslie
Groves
Oak Ridge, TN
• City did not exist until 1942
• Site chosen b/c of rural location,
proximity to hydroelectric power, water
sources, railroad lines & private nature of
Appalachians
• 4 factories built
Y-12 Plant
Graphite
Reactor
Minorities
• Afr. Amer. served in segregated units
• More jobs for minorities all around
• Bracero program brought Hispanics to
work in US
– Zoot suit riots