Transcript Chapter 14 Section 4: Pushing Back the Axis

Chapter 14
Section 4: Pushing Back the Axis
Warm-Up
• How did the American people sacrifice during
World War II? Are all Americans treated
equally during this time?
Map
14.4- Striking Germany and Italy
• 1943- Casablanca, Morocco:
Churchill and FDR meet
– Step up bombing of Germany
• Why continue bombing?
– Goal: Destroy German military
and morale
• Result somewhat of a success
– Severe oil shortage
– Destroyed railroads and aircraft
factories
14.4- Striking Germany and Italy
• US and Britain also decided to attack
Sicily(1943)
– Churchill called Italy the “Soft underbelly” of
Europe
– Convinced that Italians would quit the war if the
Allies invaded
• Attack on Sicily creates a crisis in Italy
– King of Italy lost confidence in Mussolini
– Mussolini gets arrested
Allies Land in Anzio
• Germany took control of northern
Italy
– Germany returns Mussolini to power
• America lands behind German lines
– 1st invasion on European soil
– Prelude to D-Day
• Italian campaign was one of the
bloodies in the war
– 300,000 Allied casualties
– Largest amphibious (water to land)
Saving Private Ryan- First 20 minutes
Warm Up 3-20
• Saving Private Ryan-Discuss
• Why was it important that the U.S. and Great
Britain successfully beat Germany in Africa?
• What was the Casablanca Conference?
• How are the bombings in Germany similar to
the Doolittle Raid in Tokyo?
• Why were amphibious landings difficult?
Tehran Conference: Tehran, Iran 1943
Who are these guys?
What do you think they want?
The Tehran Conference
• Stalin, Churchill, and FDR meet
in Tehran, Iran 1943
– Dealing with Stalin is difficult
communism
– “The enemy of my enemy is my
friend”
– Stalin wants a full out two front
war in Europe and Russia
• Stalin promised to launch a full
scale offensive against the
Germans when Allies invade
France
– Once Germany was defeated
Soviets would help US defeat
Japan
Landing In France
• Operation Overlord (D-Day)- Codename for the
invasion
– Roosevelt selected General Eisenhower (Why)
• Hitler fortified the coast along the English Channel
• The Germans believed the Allies would land in Pasde-Calais
– Area of France closest to Britain
Planning Operation Overlord (D-Day)
• Creates a two front war – The invasion of
Europe from the allies will lead to the
downfall of Nazi Germany
• Also known as D-Day
• Allies preparation of invasion 1944
– 1.5 million American soldiers
– 12,000 airplanes
– 5 million tons of equipment
Key Requirements for Operation
Overlord (D-DAY)
• #1)The invasion had to begin
at night- to hide the ships
• #2)Arrive at a low tide- could
see the beach obstacles
• #3) Weather needed to be
good
• Think about storms– high waves
• June 6th 1944 – Eisenhower
gives the OK
The Longest Day: D-day
• 23,000 paratroopers- behind enemy lines
• Utah Beach went smoothly– everything’s OK
– German forces were weak
• Omaha Beach was a struggle for allied forces
– 2,500 Americans were killed or wounded
– 35,000 troops had landed at Omaha
– 23,000 troops had landed at Utah
• Largest amphibious operation in history had
SUCCEEDED
Map
SWITCH TO THE PACIFIC
Map: The Pacific
The Pacific- Driving Japan Back
• The Pacific Fleet– Commanded by Admiral
Nimitz
– “Island Hopping” from one island to the next
– Why is it so bloody?
– Creep closer and closer to Japan
• General MacArthur- would advance from the
South Philippines
– Creates another two front war
• MAP- PAGE 513
Map
Island-Hopping in the Pacific
• Tarawa (1943)
– Problem: coral reef
troops have to wade in
the beach very
dangerous
– 1 in 3 Marines made it to
shore
– Took island but suffered
high casualties
• Marshall Islands (Feb.
1944)
– Went Smoothly
• Mariana Islands
– Use as a base for new heavy
bomber
– B-29s could bomb Japan
– Captured by August 1944
MacArthur Returns
• Campaign began by
invading Guadalcanal
• Move Toward the
Philippines
• Troops began to land on
Leyte Gulf in Philippines
• Largest naval battle in
history
MacArthur Returns
• Japan uses kamikazes
– Fly the plan into the ship
– Why?
• http://www.youtube.co
m/watch?v=ypLuXx6SK
gU
• Philippines recaptured
after five months
• 80,000 Japanese were
killed