Transcript Battles and Turning Points of WWII

Battles of WWII
CHC2D
Introductory: Agenda
• Power-point of battles of WWII and the Turning
Points of WWII
• Activity – Find Your Other Half 
Introductory: Purpose/Learning Goals
• After today’s lesson, I will be able to:
▫ Name and Explain the 1st 5 Main Battles of WW@
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Pearl Harbour
Battle of Hong Kong
Battle of the Atlantic
Battle of Britain
Battle of Dieppe
▫ State the importance of each battle
 Be able to explain the details and historical
significance (history pillar) of each battle
▫ Identify and explain with great clarity the turning points of
WW2 and Canada’s influence.
1) Attack on Pearl Harbour
• December 7, 1941: Pearl Harbour (American
Navy base located by Hawaii, USA) was
attacked by Japanese Navy (360 planes)
▫ Attack was meant as a warning to USA from
Japan from entering the war
 Japan was hungry for more land and resources
of the Pacific region
• 2500 Americans
were killed; 1200 injured
TURNING POINT FOR USA: entered
into war and declared war on Japan
• Entered into war and declared war on Japan!
Canada’s Response to Pearl
Harbour
• Canadians did not respond well to attack on
American soil
• Those who were originated from Axis were not
to be trusted and casted aside (mainly Asian
descendents)
▫ Japanese Internment Camps
Japanese Internment Camps
• Japanese Canadians
were casted aside
(thought to be
dangerous)
• Forced to leave homes
and give up belongings
▫ Many belongings were
sold
▫ Forced into isolated
camps where men and
women were
separated
DID YOU KNOW?
2) Battle of Hong Kong
• December 8, 1941 (day
after Pearl Harbour)
▫ Japanese attacked
Northern Malaysia and
moved towards British
colony of Hong Kong
• 2000 Canadian troops
were stationed
▫ Non-combat
▫ No support
▫ Canadians fought
bravely alongside
Britain
2) Battle of Hong Kong (cont’d)
• December 25, 1941 – Hong Kong surrendered
• Soldiers were either killed in defense or taken
into captivity
▫ Japanese “Prisoner of War Camps”
• 290 Canadians died in battle
• 267 died in Prisoner of War Camps
Prisoner of War Camps
• Housed captured militants (e.g Canada, Britain)
• Conditions were brutal
▫ Lack of clothing, food and shoes
▫ DENIED BASIC RIGHTS TO LIVE
▫ Form of revenge towards the Allies (by Japanese)
3) Battle of Britain
• July 10, 1940
• Hitler attacked Britain – wanted to
wipe out British Air Force
▫ “blitzkrieg”
▫ Hitler used the air to attack Britain
• However, British population proved
to be stronger
▫ Hid in bomb shelters, subway tunnels
▫ Civilians would fix Britain after an
attack
 They were not willing to back down!
4) Battle of the Atlantic
• On going throughout World War 2
• 1940-1943
• German U-boats sank many Canadian vessels
▫ Vessels carrying supplies for war in Europe
• German U-boats travelled in wolf packs
▫ Attacked and preyed on lone ships
4) Battle of Atlantic (cont’d)
• Closest to Canadian soil
• Longest battle of WWII
• Fight was “won by courage, fortitude, and
determination of British and Allied Merchant
Navy”
▫ Consistently made dangerous trips across Atlantic
Ocean
▫ Convoy System
 Merchant ships sail in groups by an armed naval
escort
5) Dieppe Raid
• August 19, 1942
▫ 5000 Canadian soldiers +
1000 British soldiers planned
to attack the French port of
Dieppe (under German rule)
▫ Plan was to seize town,
destroy facilities and return
to England
▫ Key element for victory was
the element of surprise
5) Dieppe Raid (cont’d)
• German troops were ready for
Canadians
▫ German troops overheard the
troops approaching the beach
▫ By the time Canadians hit the
beach – the Germans were
ready to attack
• 901 Canadians killed
• 2000 captured
• Country of Canada went into
mourning!
5) Dieppe Raid
(cont’d)
• Lessons learned from Dieppe
Raid:
▫ 1) Allies learned the power of the
German army
▫ 2) Much more military strength is
needed when attacking German
army
▫ 3) Don’t let all soldiers go attack
at once!
CHC2D
Field Marshal – General Erwin Rommel
(Desert Fox)
• Led British and American troops in
North Africa (1941)
• Drove back German and Italian
forces
• Sign that the Allies were
approaching power and control!
Involvement of USA
• After Pearl Harbour attack,
USA entered war with force!
(1941)
• Declared and attacked Japan
• Defeated Japanese navy
• Dropped FIRST atomic bomb
▫ August 1945 – Hiroshima
▫ Catastrophic results for
Japan
▫ Second bomb dropped 3
days later (Nagasaki)
▫ Japan eventually
surrendered…
Italy Defeat!
• Canadian soldiers didn’t seem action since
Dieppe Raid
• Within 38 days, Canadians and other Allied
troops were planning to invade Italy
• Mussolini’s dream of new Roman Empire was
coming to an end
▫ His own people rebelled and threw him out
▫ However, Germany troops quickly invaded (Hitler
didn’t waste any time!)
Italy Defeat!
• Battle was hard and difficult – 91 000 Canadians
fought!
▫ More than 30 000 were killed
▫ German troops fought hard!
• Battle of Ortona = KEY MOMENT FOR
CANADIANS
Battle of Ortona
• 1375 Canadians lost
their lives
• Battle lasted one
month
• Series of streetfighting
▫ Canadians became
experts at streetfightings 
(Italy)
Battle of Ortona
• Mouse-holing technique
▫ Used explosive charges to blast a hole
from the attic of one house through wall
into another house
▫ Canadian soldiers used grenades and
spraying machine gun-fire – jumped
through hole
▫ Cleared house and moved onto the next
• Germans considered Canadians to be a
tough opponent – put their best
soldiers against us!!!
Italy Defeat!
• On June 4, 1944: Allied armies entered Rome
▫ Canadian, British, American (and other
Commonwealth country) soldiers marched to the
cheers of the Italian people!