Transcript Origins of World War II and the American Response

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Agenda: February 9th, 2016
Warm Up: Political Cartoon Analysis (10
minutes)
 RPS World Domination Simulator (30
minutes)
 Appeasement (10 minutes)
 Closure: How do we use this today? (5
minutes)
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Goal: I can describe America’s prewar
stance by playing the Appeasement game.
Essential Questions
Unit Focus:
When should
the United
States go to
war?
Unit Focus:
How did
America
become a
superpower?
Unit Focus:
What is
required to
achieve
victory in
war?
Activity
Focus:
Could World
War II Have
Been
Prevented?
Unit Focus:
What is the
proper role of the
government in
people’s lives?
Unit Focus: Did
America’s
involvement in
World War II and
the Cold War move
it closer or further
away from its
founding ideals?
Warm Up Activity
•
View the
political
cartoon drawn
by Dr. Seuss,
using context
clues create a
definition for
the word
appeasement.
RPS World Domination
•
•
•
•
Who likes free stuff?
Today we will be playing a
game where you can earn
free prizes.
Follow the directions
carefully to be successful
today!
You must work with a
partner at your table
group…if this doesn’t work
find a partner elsewhere in
the room.
RPS World Domination- Rules
•
Today’s game has 2 rounds. Round 1
will be a series of rock, paper, scissors,
and round 2 will be a series of
negotiations.
•
The envelope in front of you marked
“Phase 1” contains 4 prizes. With your
partner, play a game (the best of 7
rounds) of rock, paper, scissors.
•
The winner (Player A) can choose which
3 of the 4 prizes he/she would like. The
loser (Player B) can have the 4th prize.
Round 1 – Reflection
•
•
•
Student A – Which prizes did you keep?
Student B – Which prize did you get?
Is this distribution of prizes fair? Why or
why not?
RPS World Domination -Round 2
•
•
•
•
The envelope marked “Phase 2” has
3 more prizes. You will pull each
prize out one at a time and
negotiate who gets to keep it.
You may only look at one prize at a
time, and you may not negotiate for
a prize that someone already has.
Do your best to decide who should
get which prize, and convince each
other why.
Individual directions for round 2…
Round 2 – Reflection
•
•
•
•
•
1. What emotions did you feel during
round 2?
2. During the negotiations, who took
the first one or two prize tokens?
3. (Student B) What strategies did you
use to get those first couple tokens?
4. What happened when you tried to
negotiate for the last prize? Why
didn’t the negotiations work?
5. Did anyone truly win?
Appeasement
•
A. (def.) Giving in to an
enemy’s demands to avoid
conflict and maintain peace.
• B. WWII, like all major
conflicts, began with a series
of significant actions and
reactions
• C. Britain, France, and U.S.A.
appeased countries like
Germany, Italy & Japan in
hopes of avoiding conflict
• D. Eventually, war would be
the only option against the
aggression of the Axis
Powers.
British Prime Minister Neville
Chamberlin and Hitler shake
hands (1938)
Closure
In what daily situations is
‘appeasement’ most useful?
Is it a good strategy to use for
worldwide issues and potential
war?
Agenda: February 9th, 2016
Warm Up: Create a Fireside Chat to calm
the American Public (15 minutes)
 FDR’s Goals and Political Cartoon
Analysis (10 minutes)
 Action Reaction Activity (30-45 minutes)

GOAL
Can you explain
the American
response to the
events that lead up
to World War II?
Goal Setting: Warm Up
Role: President Franklin D.
Roosevelt
 Audience: The American public:
Fireside Chat
 Format: A brief response to a
reporter’s question. (2-3 sentences)
 Topic: Knowing the poor
conditions growing in Europe, how
do you calm down the nation?
 Record answer under the warm up
section of handout.

F.D.R.’s goals in 1936
Slow down the world’s drift to war.
 Keep the U.S. out of war if one
occurred.

Neutrality Laws of 1935
1935- Prevented the U.S. from
supplying arms, ammunitions, and
implements of war to nations in conflict.
 Additional neutrality acts in 1936 and
1937 designed to keep the country out
of conflicts brewing in Europe.

What do you see
in this cartoon?
What does the
flag indicate we
are going to do?
What does the
ship’s name
indicate we are
going to do?
Based on what
you know about
the neutrality
laws, which one
is more correct
and why?
What do you see
in this cartoon?
Who does the
seated man
represent?
What is the ship
attempting to do?
Which side is
winning out?
Why?
1935-1936 Germany remilitarizes
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Hitler announced the
formation of a German air
force and compulsory
military service.
In 1936, he sent troops
into the Rhineland, a
German region on the
border with France.
These actions all
challenged the Treaty of
Versailles.
World Reaction

The League of Nations lodged a formal
protest against these actions but
refused to consider sanctions against
Germany.
1935 Italy invades Ethiopia

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
The Italian army, under
Mussolini, invaded
Ethiopia.
The Ethiopian forces could
not stop the invasion, and
Italy annexed the country in
1936.
Hitler and Mussolini soon
formed a treaty of
friendship known as the
Rome–Berlin axis.
World Reaction
Ethiopia appealed to the League of
Nations for help. The League voted to
impose economic sanctions against
Italy, including an oil embargo.
 The United States was asked to join the
oil embargo against Italy, but Roosevelt
refused to do so.

1936–1939 Germany and Italy aid
nationalists in Spanish Civil War

Italy and Germany backed a
military rebellion in Spain led
by General Francisco Franco.


They provided the Nationalists
with supplies, weapons, and
troops.
The Nationalists
eventually overthrew
Spain’s democratic
republic and set up a
rightwing dictatorship.
World Response
Although some volunteers, including
3,000 Americans, fought against the
Nationalists, only the Soviet Union
officially aided the Republicans in the
Civil War.
 The U.S. Congress passed neutrality
acts in 1936 and 1937, which kept the
United States out of the conflict.

Decision- Mounting Aggression
in 1937 and 1938
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Role: President Franklin D. Roosevelt
Audience: The American public
Format: A 30 second segment of a Fireside
Chat radio address.
Topic: How should the United States respond
to the mounting aggression in 1937 and 1938
in Europe and Asia?
Read the handout and write your answer in
your notebook.
1937 Japanese troops massacre
civilians in Nanjing
The Japanese army
captured the city of
Nanjing.
 Japanese soldiers
went on a six-week
rampage, killing
approximately
300,000 Chinese
civilians and raping
about 20,000 Chinese
women.

World Reaction
Roosevelt made a speech calling for a
quarantine against aggressor nations
like Japan.
 However, the speech had little effect, as
Japan invaded French Indochina,
Formosa, Korea, large areas of China,
and several small Pacific islands.

Decision- Continuing Aggression
in 1938
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Role: President Franklin D. Roosevelt
Audience: The American public
Format: A 30 second segment of a Fireside
Chat radio address.
Topic: How should the United States respond
to the continuing aggression in 1938 in
Europe and Asia?
Read the handout and write your answer in
your notebook.
1938 German Anschluss (union)
with Austria
Hitler pressured the Austrian
government to join with Germany.
 In March, Hitler’s army crossed the
border without opposition.
 Hitler declared a political union, or
Anschluss, between the two countries.

World Reaction

Britain and France were passive
spectators as Germany expanded into
Austria.
Decision- Aggression in 1939
and 1940
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Role: President Franklin D. Roosevelt
Audience: The American public
Format: A 30 second segment of a Fireside
Chat radio address.
Topic: How should the United States respond
to the continuing aggression in 1939 and
1940 in Europe and Asia?
Read the handout and write your answer in
your notebook.
1939 Germany invades
Czechoslovakia
In the Munich Pact, Hitler
acquired the Czech
region of the
Sudetenland and
promised it would be his
“last territorial demand.”
 However, in March 1939,
he broke the pact and
invaded the rest of
Czechoslovakia.

World Response

Britain and France were angered over
Hitler’s breaking of the Munich Pact and
declared that any further attacks by
Germany on small states would trigger
war.
1939 Germany attacks Poland
Germany signed a nonaggression pact
with the USSR, which freed German
forces to invade Poland.
 Germany used blitzkrieg tactics to
attack so quickly that Polish forces were
not able to mobilize.
 Soviet forces also invaded from the
east, and Poland quickly fell.

World Response
France and Britain followed through with
their original announcement and
declared war on Germany.
 However, they were not able to do
anything to stop the invasion and the
takeover of Poland.

U.S. Response
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After World War I, many Americans vowed to stay out
of European affairs forever. Two days after the
invasion of Poland FDR claimed “This nation will
remain a neutral nation, but I cannot ask that every
American remain neutral in thought as well…Even a
neutral cannot be asked to close his mind or his
conscience…I have said not once, but many times,
that I have seen war and hate war…As long as it is in
my power to prevent, there will be no blackout of
peace in the U.S.”

Radio speech September 3, 1939
1940 Germany invades Low
Countries and France
Hitler moved troops to Germany’s
western borders.
 He attacked and captured the Low
Countries and invaded France, trapping
French and British troops along the
coast.
 Italy declared war on Britain and
France.

World Response
Britain sent every boat possible to
evacuate the trapped British and French
(Allied) forces.
 France surrendered to Germany.
 Germany occupied most of France.
 Southeast France was controlled by a
puppet government.

1940 Germany attacks Britain
(Battle of Britain)
German planes flew raids against
British ports, airfields, and industry.
 Later, the bombing raid targets were
shifted to large cities.

World Response
British fighter pilots successfully shot
down more than 600 German aircraft
during the Battle of Britain.
 British citizens withstood the bombing
raids.
 The raids diminished as Germany was
unable to replace the lost aircraft.
 The United States began sending aid to
Britain under the Lend-Lease Act.

America’s response in 1939 and
1940
“Cash and Carry”
 The first peace-time draft is enacted in
the United States.
 Lend-Lease Act enacted.

Lend-Lease Act
1941 Japan attacks Pearl Harbor
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
Three hundred Japanese bombers and fighter planes
attacked the U.S. military base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
They crippled the U.S. Pacific Fleet, sinking or damaging
18 ships and destroying or damaging 300 aircraft.
World Response

The next day, President Roosevelt
asked Congress to declare war on
Japan.
Fireside Chat Assignment

Using the hindsight of
history, decide which
event should have led
America into World War
II. Based on that event,
create a real Fireside
Chat podcast using
Audacity to justify your
decision with historical
information.
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Role: President
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Audience: The
American public
Format: A 1 minute
segment of a Fireside
Chat radio address.
Topic: How should the
United States respond
to aggression in Europe
and Asia based on the
event of your choice?
Axis Control in 1942
Timeline Assignment

Create a timeline of the following events:
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
Pearl Harbor
The Neutrality Act of 1936
 Munich Pact
 Germany remilitarizes the Rhineland
 Lend/Lease Act
 Rome-Berlin Axis
 Battle of Britain
 German Anschluss with Austria
 German annexation of Czechoslovakia
 Cash and Carry
 Non Aggression Pact between USSR and Germany
 Embargo of Japan
 German invasion of Poland
Put the events in the correct
chronological order
 Pick 5 of the most significant events and
create a visual to symbolize them. With
the same 5 events, write a paragraph to
explain why they are significant to you.
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