Transcript Weimar Republic

Teekond sõtta
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1. Saksamaa taasrelvastamine
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2. Rhinelandi taasrelvastamine (1936)
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3. Rooma-Berliin telg (Oktoober 1936)
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4. Suurbritannia lepituspoliitika(Mai/Juuni 1937 – Märts 1939)
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5. Anschluss (13th March, 1938)
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6. Hitler saab kontrolli Sudeedimaa üle (29 September, 1938)
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7. Tsehoslovakkia langeb (Märts 1939)
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8. Molotov-Ribbentrop Pakt (23 August, 1939)
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9. Saksamaa invasioon Polasse (1 September, 1939)
Kolmanda Reichi ehitamine
Poola jagamine
Causes for the Second World War
Main causes of World War II:
a. Hitler’s Aims
1. To unite German speaking people (using NSD which had been denied at the Treaty of Versailles.
2. He wanted lebensraum (living space) in order to gain self-sufficiency (autarky)
3. He wanted to dominate Europe and the World
To achieve any of these aims would involve breaking the Treaty of Versailles (28/6/1919), and this could lead to war.
b. The aggression of Hitler’s Allies
1. Italy – Mussolini wanted a Fascist-Roman empire in the Mediterranean and Africa (e.g. Abyssinian invasion in 1935.)
2. Japan – Japan wanted a Nipponese empire in the Pacific, extending into China and Australia (e.g. Manchurian invasion in 1931)
Germany, Italy and Japan were hostile to Communism (USSR), and this way a cause of war and vice versa.
c. Democratic powers were passive
1. USA – Isolated
2. France – France was unlikely, and reluctant, to intervene against Germany, because she could not rely on Britain’s and America’s
support.
3. Britain – Between 1934 and 1937, Britain was sympathetic to German recovery. Between May 1937 and March 1939, Britain
appeased Germany.
These powers could have stopped Fascist aggression earlier than 1939.
d. The League of Nations failed to keep peace
Pikaajalised sõja põhjused
1. Versaille rahulepingu (28 Juuni, 1919)ebaõiglased
tingimused:
-Kaotatud territoorium
-Reparatsioonimaksed
-Sõjasüü
2. Rahvasteliidu läbikukkumine:
-Ei suutnud rahu säilitada
-Ei suutnud luua tingimusi desarmeerumiseks
Short term causes
1. Hitler’s aggression:
-His aims
-His actions (steps to war: 1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9)
2. The aggression of the other powers:
-Italy – Abyssinia (1935), Rome-Berlin Axis, Anti-Commintern Pact,
Albania
-Japan – Manchuria (1931), Anti-Commintern Pact (November, 1937)
-Russia – Nazi-Soviet Pact, Invasion of Poland
3. The democracies were too passive
-USA – isolation
-France – would not do anything without Britain’s support
-Britain – sympathetic towards Germany, e.g. Anglo-German Naval
Treaty (1935) and later appeased her (May/June 1937 – March 1939)
Alignments before WW II
Winter War (30 November 1939 – 13 March 1940)
German advancement 1939-1942
Battle of Britain August-October 1940
Operation Barbarossa (22 June 1941)
Soviet Counter (Winter 1941-1942)
German Southern Offensive (1942)
North Africa (Allied offensive started Nov 1942)
Sicily (July 9-7 August 1943) and Italy (Sept1943-1945 )
Soviet Counter under Stalingrad (Winter 1942-1943)
Battle for Kursk (1943)
Soviet Offensive (1943-1944)
Allied invasion on D-Day (6th of July 1944)
“Bulge” and Nordwind (December 1944- January 1945)
Final German retreat (Winter 1945- 11 May 1945)
Germany surrenders (9th of May 1945)
Battle in the Pacific (Dec 7 1941 - Sept 2 1945)
Europe after WW II
Zones of Control and territortial changes
Poland redevided
Soviet Block