Transcript D-Day - Ms. Pimental

Day 18
Block 2
World History 2 Period 3
The End of World War Two
Defeat of the Axis, 1943-45
Stalingrad and Kursk: Russia
1943
1943 was the beginning of the end for the Axis. Germany
had just suffered its worst-ever defeat at Stalingrad, and
for the first time was on the defensive in Russia. The
fighting culminated in a gigantic tank battle that summer
in Kursk. Meanwhile, on the home front, the British were
inflicting terrible damage on German industrial cities such
as Hamburg.
Feb 2: German surrender at Stalingrad
July 5: Massive tank battle at Kursk
July 27: Huge bombing raid on Hamburg
Nov 6: Russians recapture Kiev
The Second Front: Italy 1943
After winning the Battle of El Alamein the previous
October, the Allies pushed on into Libya and Tunisia. By the
middle of the year, the Ally troops were able to launch an
invasion of Italy. The fighting was difficult, but the opening
of a second front relieved some of the pressure on the
Soviets.
May 13: Afrika Corps surrenders in North Africa
July 10: Allies land in Sicily
July 26: Fascist government falls; Mussolini arrested
Sept 8: Italy surrenders
Sept 11: Germany occupies northern Italy
Sept 12: Mussolini rescued by German commandos; forms
a puppet government
‘D’ Day and the Liberation of
France: 1944
By 1944, the Axis was clearly losing the war. For the knockout
blow, the Allies launched the invasion of France known as ‘DDay’. This landing of several hundred thousand Allies troops
drew German strength away from the Eastern Front, enabling
the Russians to rapidly advance. It also enabled the liberation
of France after four years of Nazi occupation.
June 6: D-Day landings at Normandy
June 13: First V-1 rocket attack on Britain
June 24: Assassination attempt on Hitler
Aug 25: Paris liberated
Sept: Belgium liberated
Nov: Allies reach German border
Russian Offensives 1944
The Russian steamroller advanced with increasing speed in
1944, pushing the Nazis from Russian territory, and advancing
almost to the German border. 1.2 million Red Army soldiers took
part in Operation Bagration.
Jan 6: Soviets enter Poland
Jan 27: Leningrad siege lifted after 900 days
Jun 9: Soviets advance into Finland
June 22: Operation Bagration – the Russian summer offensive
July 24: First concentration camp liberated
Aug 19: Soviets advance into Romania
Sept: Baltic states liberated
Dec 27: Siege of Budapest
Battle of the Bulge 1944
Staring defeat in the face, the Germans mustered all of
their remaining strength for one last offensive. The
Ardennes Offensive, known as the Battle of the Bulge,
lasted around a month, and saw fierce fighting
between American and German troops. The offensive
failed and left the way clear for the Allies to march into
western Germany.
Dec 16: Ardennes Offensive begins
Dec 26: Allies begin counterattack
Jan 25: Official end of the battle
Road to Defeat: 1945
At the beginning of 1945, Germany was hanging by a thread.
Vast numbers of Allied troops surrounded her borders, and
unconditional surrender was the only acceptable outcome.
Hitler vowed to fight on, and so German civilians bore the
brunt of the tough fighting of early 1945.
Jan 17: Warsaw liberated
Jan 26: Auschwitz liberated
Feb 13: Dresden destroyed in firebombing
March 6: Final German offensive to guard Hungarian oilfields
April 1: US troops encircle the Ruhr
April 21: Red Army reaches Berlin
Collapse: April/May 1945
By April the war was lost. The Soviets fought street by street
to capture Berlin, as Hitler cowered in his bunker. At the end
of the month, he killed himself. A week later, his successor,
Admiral Doenitz, signed the surrender. The most destructive
war in human history was over.
April 28: Mussolini is captured and hanged
April 30: Hitler commits suicide
May 2: German troops in Italy surrender
May 7: Unconditional surrender of all German troops
May 8: V-E (Victory in Europe) Day
June 5: Germany is divided between the Allies
Nov 20: Nuremberg War Crimes Trials begin
By: Kim Michal
Photo Credits:
http://www.flickr.com/creativecommons/
http://myfdw.com/
Before we begin:
 Necessary things:
 A very HIGH level of Respect
 Maturity
Who was Adolf Hitler?
 Adolf Hitler was born April 20, 1889
 Hitler was the dictator of Germany
 He became dictator in 1933
 This is when it all began…
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhitler.htm
Hitler (continued)…
“Once I really am in
power, my first and
foremost task will be the
annihilation of the
Jews…until all Germany
has been completely
cleansed of Jews.”
-Adolf Hitler, 1922
http://www.shoaheducation.com/endlos
ung.html
Photo Credit:
http://www.librarising.com/astrology/ce
lebs/images2/A/adolfhitler.jpg
What was The Holocaust?
 Holocaust is literally defined as:
 “a sacrifice consumed by fire”
 But most would define it as:
 the mass slaughter of European civilians, especially
Jews, by the Nazis during World War II
 Lasted from 1933-1945
http://library.thinkquest.org/12663/summary/whatframe.html
Photo Credit:
http://www.sunderlandclc.org.uk/UserFiles/File/Holocaust.jpg
Who were the victims?






Jews
Homosexuals
Gypsies
The Disabled
Slavic Peoples
Jehovah’s Witnesses
http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005143
Concentration Camps
 Prisoners were forced to go into concentration camps
 Also called labor camps
 Some camps were called death camps
 Controlled by the Nazi’s
http://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/marcuse/classes/133b/07Projects/pix/DworkVanPeltBookpicture.jpg
http://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/marcuse/classes/133b/07Projects/pix/DworkVanPeltBookpicture.jpg
http://frank.mtsu.edu/~baustin/holocamp.html
Auschwitz
 Auschwitz was the largest camp during the
Holocaust
 Prisoners were forced to give up all
belongings
 Children were often killed upon arrival
 Between 1.1 and 1.5 million prisoners were
murdered here
http://www.auschwitz.dk/Auschwitz.htm
Auschwitz (continued…)
 Auschwitz was located near the German-Polish
border in Upper Silesia
 The sign of the main gate here states “Arbeit
Macht Frei”
 This translates to “Work Brings Freedom”
http://www.sackstark.info/wpcontent/uploads/2008/02/arbeit_macht_frei.jpe
g
http://www.auschwitz.dk/Auschwitz.htm
http://www1.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microso
ft%20Word%20-%205782.pdf
At the camps…
 Prisoners were forced to do hard labor
 Prisoners were starved
 Forced to obey the Nazi’s, and were
murdered if they disobeyed
 Prisoners had no control of their own lives
 Many prisoners died as a result of
incarceration and maltreatment
www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005143
 The pictures you are about to see can be very
disturbing.
 Please prepare yourself.
The Victims…
http://www.utexas.edu/features/2005/holoc
aust/graphics/holocaust5.jpg
http://blog.beliefnet.com/pontifications/imgs/Ebensee%20
concentration%20camp%20prisoners%201945.jpg
http://scrapetv.com/News/News%20Pages/usa/i
mages-3/holocaust-victims-in-bunks.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a4/Holocaust123.JPG
http://afeatheradrift.files.wordpres
s.com/2009/04/holocaust.jpg
http://www.instablogsimages.com/imag
es/2009/08/18/holocaust_mass_grave_be
lsen_kuiks_19886.jpg
Camp Doctors
 Nazi doctors tortured men, women, and
children at death camps
 Performed experiments on victims
 Victims were:
 put into pressure chambers
 tested with drugs
 castrated,
 frozen to death
http://www.shoah.dk/doctor
s/
Camp Doctors (continued)…
 Children were exposed to :
 Experimental surgeries without anesthesia
 Blood transfusions from one to another
 Isolation endurance
 Injections of lethal germs
 Sex change operations
 Removal of organs and limbs
http://www.shoah.dk/doctors/
Josef Mengele
 Known as Angel of Death
 Performed experiments on twins:
 Carried out twin to twin
transfusions
 Stitched twins together
 Castrated or sterilized twins
 Organ and limb removal
http://www.shoah.dk/doctors/
http://www.gesch.med.unierlangen.de/gewissen/ausstell/zwill/_bild/23
_25.jpg
http://www.ushmm.org/lcmedia/phot
o/lc/image/59/5961.jpg
Ways of Genocide
 Gas chambers
 Cremation
 Starvation
 Malnutrition
 Torture
 Death Marches
http://www.scrapbookpages.com/mauthausen/Tour/PhotoTour03.html
http://www.uiowa.edu/policult/assets/postWWII_holocaust/crematorium.jpg
http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005143
Liberation of the Camps
 Liberation began in 1944
 Soviets liberated Auschwitz in 1945
 U.S. forces liberated Buchenwald in 1945
 Remaining camps were liberated in 1945
 “Liberators confronted unspeakable conditions in the
Nazi camps, where piles of corpses lay unburied”
http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?Modul
eId=10005131
http://scrapbookpages.com/poland/Auschw
itz/OldPhotos/AuschwitzLiberation.jpg
The Numbers
 11 million prisoners were murdered
 6 million victims were Jews
 Number of European Jews who survived: 3,546,211
 Percentages:
 Polish Jews killed: 91%
 German Jews killed: 36%
 Jews killed in Europe during war: 63%
http://www.jewishmag.co.il/109mag/holocaustnumbers/holocaustnumbers.htm
www.etni.org.il/holocaust/holocaust_numbers.doc
Words from Survivors…
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ER
1sRYDAYY&feature=channel
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJd
qDuA9Vp8
Please grab an Ipad
Google:
Rescuers those who
risked their lives to save
others
Click on the first link
AZ/US History 1 Period 2
Two groups of people had emerged:
Federalists - someone who supports a strong
centralized government
and
Anti-Federalists - someone who supports
states rights and does not like strong central
government
Anti-Federalists thought the "Great
Compromise" was not good enough. They
wanted more representation. They worried
that 1 person could not adequately represent
30,000 people.
The Federalists disagreed.
• Read the Documents and fill out the Graphic
Organizer on the back.
• What was Hamilton's position on representation?
• What was Smith's position?
• What arguments did they make in support of their
claims?
• Based on these arguments what type of people would
you guess tended to be Federalist? Anti-Federalists?
• If you could have chosen, what side would you have
supported?
• Do you see versions of these issues being debated
today?
• Now look at the chart given you and discuss
the differences between the Federalists and
Anti-Federalists.
• Please complete a Venn-Diagram that would
display this.
• What actually happened?
• New York Ratified the Constitution by a vote of
30-27 (the narrowest margin of victory of any
state that met in 1787-1788).
• The Anti-Federalists lost the battle, but won the
war. The first 10 amendments to the Constitution
- the bill of rights - were ratified in 1791. These
addressed many of the issues that the AntiFederalists raised in the convention.
Az/US History 2 Period 3
• Read about your new Deal Program and
answer the questions on the back.
AZ/US History 2 Period 4
• Read about your new Deal Program and
answer the questions on the back.