Transcript Holocaust and World War II Terms

Holocaust and
World War II Terms
1933-1945
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Allied Powers
• Several countries who go
together to fight against the
Axis powers. These countries
were United States, Britain,
France, Soviet Union,
Australia, Canada, and Greece
during WWII.
Anti-Semitism
• Discrimination or hostility
towards Jews or
Judaism.
Anti-Semitism
Aryan
• Term perverted by the Nazis to
mean a so-called master race.
The idealized Aryan was blonde,
blue-eyed, tall, and muscular. The
original term refers to a people
speaking an Indo-European
dialect.
Aryan
AXIS Powers
• These were the countries
who fought against the
Allied Powers during WWII.
They were Germany, Japan,
and Italy.
Black Market
•The illegal buying and
selling of goods in
violation of legal price
controls, rationing, etc.
Crematorium
•A furnace where a
corpse can be
burned and reduced
to ashes.
Crematorium
D-Day
•June 6, 1944, the day
of the invasion of
Western Europe by
Allied forces in World
War II.
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/d-day/videos/d-day-allied-invasion-at-normandy
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Dwight D. Eisenhower
was the most famous
U.S. Army general of
World War II and the
34th president of the
United States.
The Supreme Command in London, February 1944.
Maj. Gen. Omar N. Bradley is standing on the left.
The Supreme
Commander talks with
men of Company E,
502d Parachute Infantry
Regiment, at the 101st
Airborne Division's camp
at Greenham Common,
England, 5 June 1944.
http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/ike/ike.htm
Extermination Camps
• Also known as death camps because
prisoners were not expected to survive 24
hours beyond arrival.
• These camps were specially established
to systematically kill prisoners (genocide).
• Over six million Jews were killed in
extermination camps.
• The most infamous extermination camps
were Auschwitz, Treblinka, and Chelmno.
Auschwitz-Birkenau
Extermination Camps
Fascism
• A system of government
marked by centralization of
authority under a dictator
using stringent
socioeconomic controls.
Final Solution
•The Nazi plan to
exterminate the
Jewish people.
Gas Chamber
• A gas chamber is an
apparatus for killing consisting
of a sealed chamber into
which a poisonous or
asphyxiant gas is introduced.
Gas Chambers
Genocide
•Deliberate, systematic
destruction of a racial,
cultural, or political
group.
Gestapo
• The German internal
security police as organized
under the Nazi regime,
known for its terroristic
methods directed against
those suspected.
Gestapo
Heinrich Himmler, head of the Gestapo,
Is standing next to Hitler.
Ghettos
• The ghettos were transition areas,
used as collection points for
deportation to concentration and
extermination camps.
• Many people died in the ghettos
because of disease, inadequate
warmth, and lack of food.
Adolf Hitler
• Appointed Chancellor of Germany
on January 30, 1933.
• He reorganized the German worker’s party
into the National Socialist Party or Nazi
Party.
• He murdered Jews, gypsies, handicapped,
and all others who opposed him.
• He committed suicide in a bunker on Apr.
30, 1945.
• Mein Kampf- “My Struggle”
Benito Mussolini
• Fascist (glorifies the state and nation and
assigns to the state control over national life)
government by leader who ruled Italy from 19221945.
• He joined Germany as one of the Axis Powers
during WWII.
• At the end of WWII, he was captured, tried, court
marshaled, and shot. Later his body was
brought to Milan, hanged in a public square, and
later buried in an unmarked grave.
Nuremberg Laws
• The first law deprived of German citizenship
anyone of Jewish faith or any citizen with two
Jewish grandparents.
• The second made marriage illegal between
Germans and Jews.
• The established the swastika flag as the official
flag of Germany and the national colors as
black, white, and red.
• Additional laws banned non-Jewish domestic
staff in Jewish households, introduced ‘J’ stamps
in Jewish passports, and forced Jews to take
surnames identifiable as Jewish.
Propaganda
• Information, ideas, or
rumors deliberately spread
widely to help or harm a
person, group, movement,
institution, nation, etc.
German propaganda
poster shows a smiling
family with father,
mother, and three
children embraced by
the benevolent and
protective wings of the
National Socialist eagle.
German children read an anti-Jewish propaganda book
titled DER GIFTPILZ ( "The Poisonous Mushroom"). The
girl on the left holds a companion volume, the translated
title of which is "Trust No Fox." Germany, ca. 1938.
-- Stadtarchiv Nürnberg
Ration Coupon
• A coupon book which allowed
the holder to purchase a
certain amount of goods.
• Some rationed goods were
food (especially sugar), gas,
and clothing.
Star of David
• A six pointed star
consisting of two crossed
equilateral triangles, which
has come to represent
Jewry.
Swastika
• A figure used as a symbol or an
ornament in the Old World and in
America since prehistoric times,
consisting of a cross with arms of
equal length, each arm having a
continuation at right angles.
• This figure as the official emblem of
the Nazi party and the Third Reich.
Synagogue
• A building or place of
meeting for worship and
religious instruction in the
Jewish faith.
Third Reich
•Germany state during
the Nazi dictatorship
under Hitler from
1933-1945.
Scapegoat
•A person or group
made to bear the
blame for others or to
suffer in their place.
Treaty of Versailles
• The treaty was signed by Germany and
the Allied Powers in 1919 and ended
World War I.
• Germany was very dissatisfied with the
treaty because they had to pay reparations
to the destroyed countries, they lost
territories, was forced to reduce the
German military to 100,000.
Zionism
• A Jewish movement that arose
in the late 19th century in
response to growing antiSemitism and sought to
reestablish a Jewish homeland
in Palestine and develop
Israel.
Nazi
• A member of the National Socialist German
Workers' party of Germany, which in 1933,
under Adolf Hitler, seized political control of the
country, suppressing all opposition and
establishing a dictatorship over all cultural,
economic, and political activities of the people,
and promulgated belief in the supremacy of
Hitler as Führer, aggressive anti-Semitism, the
natural supremacy of the German people, and
the establishment of Germany by superior force
as a dominant world power. The party was
officially abolished in 1945 at the conclusion of
World War II.
Concentration Camp
• A detention site created for
military or political purposes.
• Many of these camps were used
to exploit prisoners for slave labor
or experimentation.
• A large portion of prisoners died
of mistreatment, malnutrition, and
disease.
Concentration Camp
HOLOCAUST
• The systematic mass
slaughter (especially by fire)
of European Jews in Nazi
concentration and
extermination camps during
World War II.